英语翻译1.IntroductionExtensive areas of the arid and semiarid r

英语翻译
1.Introduction
Extensive areas of the arid and semiarid regions have soils containing concentrations of soluble salts sufficient to adversely affect plant growth.One of the cost-effective strategies for cop- ing with salinity involves growing crops that have an inherent ability to tolerate saline conditions [1].In recent years,studies indicated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant growth and uptake of nutrients,decrease yield losses of tomato under saline conditions and improve salt tolerance of tomato [2–6].Root colonization by AMF involves a series ofmorpho-physiological and biochemical events that are regulated by the interaction of plant and fungus,as well as by environ- mental factors.The physiological and biochemical mechanisms improving salt tolerance of AM tomato are still unclear,although the improved nutrition acquisition may be one of the reasons [4,7].Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radi- cal (O2 −),hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ),hydroxyl radical (OH) [8] and singlet oxygen (O1 −) [9] generated in plants during the salt stress.These cytotoxic activated oxygen species can seriously disrupt normal metabolism through oxidative damage to lipids [10,12],protein and nucleic acids [10–11].This lead to change in selective permeability of bio-membranes [13] and thereby membrane leakage and change in activity of enzymes bound to membrane occurred [14].
The induction of ROS-scavenging enzymes,such as SOD,POD,APX and CAT is the most common mechanism for detoxifying ROS synthesized during stress responses [15].In
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) colonized by Glomus clarum,SOD and CAT were induced in roots at late stage of the symbiosis development under low P and the activities of SOD and CAT were evaluated [16].Higher levels of SOD activities were also observed in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) roots colonized by Glomus mosseae or Glomus deserticola under drought stress [17].Induc- tion of CAT had been observed in nodulated soybean (Glycine max Merr.) roots colonized by G.mosseae under watered but not drought stress conditions [18].However,the roles of these enzymes in AM tomato are poorly being understood especially under continuous salt stress condition.In this study,we detected the growth parameters,cell membrane osmosis and the activi- ties of SOD,POD,APX and CAT in roots of AM and non-AM tomato under 0.5,1% NaCl and normal condition.We evaluated the effects of these enzymes in ROS scavenging on the enhanced salt tolerance by AMF.We also tried to explain the salt tolerance improvement of AM tomato from the other side.”
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1.介绍
在干旱和半干旱地区广泛的领域有足够的土壤含有植物生长产生不利影响可溶性盐类浓度.对警察与盐度的ING成本效益的战略之一是农作物生长有一种内在的能力,容忍盐水条件[1].近年来,研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的可提高植物的生长和养分吸收,减少盐的条件下对番茄产量损失,提高耐盐番茄性[2-6].菌根根定植涉及一系列ofmorpho生理生化是由植物和真菌,以及与环境,心理因素之间的相互作用调节活动.生理生化机制的改进盐上午番茄宽容还不清楚,但收购可改善营养状况的原因之一[4,7].（ROS）的活性氧,如超氧拉迪,加州（02 - ）,双氧水（过氧化氢）,羟自由基（OH）[8]和单态氧（O1群 - ）[9植物盐胁迫过程中生成的].这些抗癌活性氧物种可以严重破坏脂质氧化损伤[10,12],蛋白质和核酸的正常代谢[10-11].这导致改变生物膜[13],从而膜泄漏和酶活力的变化必然选择渗透膜发生[14].
对活性氧清除酶如超氧化物歧化酶,过氧化物酶,APX和CAT的,归纳是解毒应激反应过程中最常见的合成活性氧机制[15].在
菜豆（四季豆）由绣球clarum,SOD和CAT的诱导在殖民统治下低磷共生发展及SOD和CAT活性后期进行了评价[16]在根部.超氧化物歧化酶的活动高等教育水平也观察到生菜（莴苣）由殖民统治下的干旱荒漠之生长或球囊应力根[17].电感的CAT和灰已被观察到结瘤大豆（大豆的含量.）由G.mosseae的殖民统治下的根不浇水,但干旱胁迫条件[18].然而,这些酶在上午番茄的作用是不言而喻很差,特别是在连续盐胁迫的条件.在这项研究中,我们发现在0.5的生长参数,细胞膜渗透性和活动和联合在上午和非上午根的SOD,POD,APX和CAT的番茄,1％NaCl和正常状态.我们评价了关于由AMF的清除活性氧的耐盐性增强这些酶的影响.我们还试图解释对方的上午番茄耐盐改善.