大师作文网英语中哪些短语采用就近原则 哪些不采用
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/14 10:25:26
英语中哪些短语采用就近原则 哪些不采用
名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：
1、 1）主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：The computer was a great invention.（计算机是个了不起的发明）The water in the glass is very cold.（玻璃杯力的水很冷）
2）集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.（三班是个好班）
②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China. （三班有张中国地图）
3）Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数.如：There is a sheep in the yard.（院子里有只绵羊）/ There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些绵羊）
4）maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. （这个消息令人兴奋）
5）glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数.如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（裤子很便宜,我想买）
6）a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式.如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.（现在有许多学生在打垒球）A lot of time was wasted on that work.（大量的时间花在了那个工作上）（被动句）
7）and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数.如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.（老师和他的儿子在摘苹果） Fish and chips is very famous food. （鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品）
8） there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定.如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.（房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子）
9）用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数.如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.（你和我明天要求都来）
10）主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定.如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. （一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子（当时）就站在路边）
11）either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则.如：Either you or he is right.（要么是你对,要么是他对./你和他有一个人是对的） / Neither you nor I am going there.（你和我都不打算去那里）
12）表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数.如：Two months is not a short time.（两个月不是个短时间）Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).（两千千米是相当长的一段距离）
13）主语中含有half of… / （three quarters）of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.（因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的） / A third of the students were playing near the lake.（学生的三分之一（当时）正在湖边玩耍） / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.（这些河流中的水已经被污染了）（被动句）
但是,population一词又有特殊情况： What’s the population of China?（中国人口是多少?）（句子用单数） / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).（这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人）（句子用复数）
就近一致原则
是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致.
1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽有复数意义,但习惯上用单数动词.
More than one person is involved in this.
2. 用于正式文体的“many a + 单数名词” 也用单数动词.
Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs.
3.由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的形式要根据与谓语最近的主语来确定.如:
Are you or he good at swimming?
Either you or your brother has to go there right now.
Neither she nor I am a teacher.
Not only I but also he wants to go swimming in the river.
4.There be句式中若有几个并列成分充当主语时,谓语动词的形式由第一个并列成分决定.如:
There is an apple and some oranges on the table.
There are some oranges and an apple on the table.
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时：（参见“数词”部分.）
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 .e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十.
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用.e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间.
②Twenty years have passed since he left . 他离开已二十个年头了.
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数.e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读.
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作.
4. "a number of (许多)/ a varlety of (各式各样) "+复数名词,常作复数用.e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川.
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具.
但是,“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词,作单数.e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番.
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富.
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时：（参见“名词”部分）
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科,作单数.e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难.
但是,表“具体的学业、活动”等时,多用作复数.e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差.（指“学业成绩、能力”）
②What are your politiscs? 你的政治观点如何?
2. “works工厂,means方法,series系列,species物种,aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形,要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数.e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的.
②Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各种办法都试过了.
这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等.（但news（消息）是不可数名词,通常只作单数用.）
Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语时：
1. 指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用.e.g.
①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语.
②The rejected were heaped in the corner . 废品堆在角落里.
2.指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用.e.g.
①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲.
②The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一定中用.
③The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西.
Ⅵ.专用名词作主语时：
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用.e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年.
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜谭》很有趣.
2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可,尤其是编成集子的书.e.g.
Dickens' Amerian Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .
狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年.
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时：
1. 大多作单数用.e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我们需要的是更多的实践.
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致.
2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数两可.e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想,不关我的事.
②What he bought was /were some books . 他所买的是几本书.
【就近一致原则（Proximity）】
也称“邻近原则”,即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致.
I.在正式文体中：
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等.e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关.
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错.
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了.
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致.e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声.
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书.
II. 非正式文体中：
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”.e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿.（非正式）
Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的.e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见.（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”.“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则.
1、 1）主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：The computer was a great invention.（计算机是个了不起的发明）The water in the glass is very cold.（玻璃杯力的水很冷）
2）集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.（三班是个好班）
②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China. （三班有张中国地图）
3）Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数.如：There is a sheep in the yard.（院子里有只绵羊）/ There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些绵羊）
4）maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. （这个消息令人兴奋）
5）glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数.如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（裤子很便宜,我想买）
6）a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式.如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.（现在有许多学生在打垒球）A lot of time was wasted on that work.（大量的时间花在了那个工作上）（被动句）
7）and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数.如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.（老师和他的儿子在摘苹果） Fish and chips is very famous food. （鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品）
8） there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定.如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.（房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子）
9）用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数.如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.（你和我明天要求都来）
10）主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定.如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. （一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子（当时）就站在路边）
11）either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则.如：Either you or he is right.（要么是你对,要么是他对./你和他有一个人是对的） / Neither you nor I am going there.（你和我都不打算去那里）
12）表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数.如：Two months is not a short time.（两个月不是个短时间）Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).（两千千米是相当长的一段距离）
13）主语中含有half of… / （three quarters）of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.（因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的） / A third of the students were playing near the lake.（学生的三分之一（当时）正在湖边玩耍） / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.（这些河流中的水已经被污染了）（被动句）
但是,population一词又有特殊情况： What’s the population of China?（中国人口是多少?）（句子用单数） / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).（这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人）（句子用复数）
就近一致原则
是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致.
1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽有复数意义,但习惯上用单数动词.
More than one person is involved in this.
2. 用于正式文体的“many a + 单数名词” 也用单数动词.
Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs.
3.由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的形式要根据与谓语最近的主语来确定.如:
Are you or he good at swimming?
Either you or your brother has to go there right now.
Neither she nor I am a teacher.
Not only I but also he wants to go swimming in the river.
4.There be句式中若有几个并列成分充当主语时,谓语动词的形式由第一个并列成分决定.如:
There is an apple and some oranges on the table.
There are some oranges and an apple on the table.
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时：（参见“数词”部分.）
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 .e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十.
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用.e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间.
②Twenty years have passed since he left . 他离开已二十个年头了.
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数.e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读.
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作.
4. "a number of (许多)/ a varlety of (各式各样) "+复数名词,常作复数用.e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川.
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具.
但是,“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词,作单数.e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番.
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富.
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时：（参见“名词”部分）
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科,作单数.e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难.
但是,表“具体的学业、活动”等时,多用作复数.e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差.（指“学业成绩、能力”）
②What are your politiscs? 你的政治观点如何?
2. “works工厂,means方法,series系列,species物种,aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形,要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数.e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的.
②Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各种办法都试过了.
这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等.（但news（消息）是不可数名词,通常只作单数用.）
Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语时：
1. 指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用.e.g.
①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语.
②The rejected were heaped in the corner . 废品堆在角落里.
2.指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用.e.g.
①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲.
②The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一定中用.
③The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西.
Ⅵ.专用名词作主语时：
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用.e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年.
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜谭》很有趣.
2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可,尤其是编成集子的书.e.g.
Dickens' Amerian Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .
狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年.
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时：
1. 大多作单数用.e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我们需要的是更多的实践.
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致.
2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数两可.e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想,不关我的事.
②What he bought was /were some books . 他所买的是几本书.
【就近一致原则（Proximity）】
也称“邻近原则”,即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致.
I.在正式文体中：
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等.e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关.
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错.
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了.
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致.e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声.
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书.
II. 非正式文体中：
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”.e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿.（非正式）
Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的.e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见.（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”.“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则.