little 与less 区别

little 与less 区别

less是little的比较级.
less的用法：
1. 用作名词,表示“较少”“更少”,主要用作宾语；但有时也用作主语或表语.如：
I want much less please. 请不要给我那么多.
There’s less to do in this job than the last. 这份工作没有上份工作量大.
The purchase price is less if you pay by cash. 付现金的话,价钱便宜些.
2. 用作形容词,作为 little 的比较级,通常与不可数名词连用.如：
Less oil was produced this year than last. 今年产油比去年少.
I received less money than the others did. 我比别人收到的钱少.
口语中有时可用于可数名词前,但不少语法学家反对这一用法,建议学生不要仿用.如：
I did expect more food and less people. 我的确期望食物更多而人更少.
3. 用作副词,可修饰形容词或副词,表示程度；也可修饰动词,表示次数、程度或数量等.如：
Which book is less difficult? 哪本书较不困难?
Would you mind speaking less quickly? 你可否别讲得那么快?
Eat less, drink less, and sleep more. 少吃,少饮酒,多睡觉.
It rains less in London than in Manchester. 伦敦的降雨量比曼彻斯特少.
little的用法：
1. 表示量或程度方面的“少”,注意以下用法：
(1) 单独使用（即不受限定词修饰）,表示“量”很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,带有否定意味,其后要接不可数名词：I have little time for reading. 我几乎没有时间看书./ He knows little about it, does he? 他对此几乎一无所知,是吗?
(2) 有比较等级 less, least：If we had followed his plan, we could have done the work better with less money and fewer people. 要是我们按照他的计划去做,这项工作不仅可以做得更好,而且我们花的钱会更少,用的人也会更少.
(3) 关于little 与 a little：前者表示量很少甚至几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意味；而后者表示量虽不多,但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意味：Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸而我身上带着一点钱./ Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱.
(4) (a) little 之后可直接跟名词,无需用介词 of；但是若其后的名词受到限定词（the, these, my, her等）的修饰,则必须用介词of：I understood little of his speech. 我对他的演说几乎一点也不懂./ Give a little of that wine. 给我一点那种酒.
(5) 用于句首作状语,其后用倒装词序：Little does he care whether we live or die. 他一点也不管我们的死活.