英语翻译”Most experiences of absent-mindedness,forgetting where

英语翻译
”Most experiences of absent-mindedness,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just went into a room,are caused by a simple lack(缺乏) of attention,” says Schacter,a scientist from New York University.“You’re supposed to remember something,but you haven’t encoded(编码) it deeply.”
Encoding,Schacter explains,is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression(印象) on recalling(回想起) it later.Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket,for example,and don‟t pay attention to what you did because you‟re involved(参加) in a conversation,you‟ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard.“Your memory itself isn‟t failing you,” says Schacter,“Rather,you didn‟t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest is another reason which can lead to absent-mindedness.“A man who can recite(列举) sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski,another scientist from New York University,“may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better
memories than men,possibly because they pay more attention to their environment,and memory depends on just that.
”Visual cues(视觉提示) can help prevent absent-mindedness,” says Schacter.“But be sure the cue is clear and available(有用的).” If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch,put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don‟t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common experience of absent-mindedness is:walking into a room and wondering why you‟re there.Most likely,you were thinking about something else.“Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski.“The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room,and you‟ll likely remember.”

大多数走神的经历——比如忘记把东西落在哪儿,或者走进房间后疑惑自己为何要进来,起因只是注意力的缺乏”.Schacter说,“你要记住某事,但编码不够深刻”.
Schacter解释,编码是一种特别的注意事情的方式,再想起这件事,仍能有大体印象.不能恰当编码,能惹出麻烦.举例来说,假如你把手机放在口袋里后,光顾着和别人说话而忘了刚才的举动,你也许会想不起手机在橱柜上的夹克里.“让你失败的不是你的记忆本身,”Schacter补充说,“而是你没为你的记忆系统提供所需信息.”
兴趣的缺失也可造成走神.“男人也许能对30年前的体育新闻倒背如流”,Zelinski说,“却忘了要寄信.“女人的记忆力要比男人好,或许是因为她们把注意力更多地放在了周围事物上,而这恰恰是记忆需依赖的.”
“视觉提示能帮助你减少走神,”Schacter说,“但是要确保这些提示清楚可用.”如果你想要记得午饭时吃药,不妨把药瓶放在厨房的桌子上,而不是把药瓶留在盒子里,给自己写张纸条放在口袋里.
另一类具有共性的走神是：走进屋子里,疑惑自己为什么在这里.最可能的是,你正思考别的事.“人们都会不时出现这种情况,”Zelinski说“最好的选择就是返回进屋前呆的地方,说不准你又会想起来.”
（手工翻.）