英语翻译17.When we categorize plans as being single use versus s

英语翻译
17.When we categorize plans as being single use versus standing,we categorize them by ____________.
a.breadth
b.specificity
c.frequency of use
d.time frame
18.The most common ways to describe organizational plans are by their breadth,time frame,specificity and ___________.
a.quantifiability
b.flexibility
c.frequency of use
d.attainability
19.Strategic plans tend to cover a longer period of time than operational goals and also _____________.
a.cover a more narrow view of the organization
b.cover the financial projections of the planning period
c.cover a broader view of the organization
d.include an estimate of the profits that the stockholder can anticipate as dividends
20.Standing plans are ongoing plans that provide ____________.
a.general directions of how to accomplish an identifiable task
b.stakeholders identifiable goals that the organization will always strive to achieve
c.the stockholders identifiable goals that the organization will always strive to achieve
d.guidance for activities performed repeatedly
21.Goals are often called ___________.
a.the basis for all the other functions
b.managements’ do or die objectives
c.a lot of other names by various organizations
d.the foundation of planning
22.__________ can evaluate whether an organization is successful.
a.A goal is the only measure that
b.No single measure
c.Plans are also a measure that
d.Stakeholders are the only groups that
23.__________ is a one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation.
a.Multipurpose plan
b.Strategic plan
c.Operational plan
d.Single-use plan
24.____________ planning dominates managers’ planning efforts at lower levels of the organization.
a.Strategic
b.Tactical
c.Operational
d.Functional
25.Management by objectives is a management system in which the first steps are setting specific performance goals that are _____________.
a.established that can be easily accomplished
b.jointly determined by employees and their managers
c.determined by top management with clarity so that the objective are clear to even the most incompetent employee
d.developed in such a manner that the employees are self-directed and do not need supervision
26.According to the textbook,one of the potential problems of MBO programs is that ____________.
a.there may be an overemphasis on the employee accomplishing their goals without regards to others in the work unit
b.they may not be as effective in times of dynamic environmental change
c.employees do not take goal setting seriously enough
d.all of the above
27.A well-designed goal should be measurable,have a specified time frame,and be ____________.
a.written down
b.nearly unattainable,so that even if the unit or employee misses their goal,performance is still very high
c.communicated to anyone who needs to know
d.both a and c

17.根据规划的持续时间把它作为单一用途的规划,我们是通过a广度b具体步骤c使用频率d时间框架18.描绘企业规划最常用的办法是通过描述广度,时间框架,具体步骤和a数量b灵活性c使用频率d可实现性19.有步骤有策略的规划会用更长的时间比操作性目标并且也会a涉及到对企业一较狭隘的认识b涉及到规划阶段的金融项目c涉及到对企业更广阔认识d包括股东参与分红的盈利估计20.Standing plans 是正在进行的规划其应提供有a
我还有事先翻译到这
再问： 谢谢、、我在这等着
再答： a如何完成一项认定工作的大致说明b企业一直努力要实现的股东的认可目标c(重复b)d为反复开展的活动所做的指导说明21。目标经常被称作a所有其它功能的基础b经营管理的重要目标c企业不同其称呼也不同d规划的基础22.___能评估出企业经营是否成功a目标是唯一的标准b没有哪个标准c计划也是一个标准d股东是唯一的群体23____是应付特定情况专门设计的计划a综合性计划b策略性计划c周转性计划c单一用途的24.___规划决定了经理对下层组织所要做的工作a策略性的b战术性的c周转性的d职能性的25.目标管理是一个管理系统，在这个管理系统中最初的几个步骤设定了具体的经营目标那些目标是a很容易就能完成的b由雇员和经理一起决定c由高层明确决定以为了让每一个都清楚d这样一种形式雇员自我管理不需要监督他们26。根据书中所说目标管理潜在的一个问题是a过分强调雇员需要完成的目标的而忽视其它方面b在动态的工作环境下他们的效率有时会不高c雇员对设定工作目标这一态度不严肃d以上都有。27。一个好评的目标应该是可行的，有具体的时间限制和应该a被写下来b根本实现不了，即使单位或雇员末能完成目标，公司的经营也一样好c和需要了解的任何人进行交流d a和c都对