英语翻译The result of the Air Force study was a model for the mi

英语翻译
The result of the Air Force study was a model for the military to use as an objective evaluation of software subcontractors' process capability maturity.Humphrey based this framework on the earlier Quality Management Maturity Grid developed by Philip B.Crosby in his book "Quality is Free".[1] However,Humphrey's approach differed because of his unique insight that organizations mature their processes in stages based on solving process problems in a specific order.Humphrey based his approach on the staged evolution of a system of software development practices within an organization,rather than measuring the maturity of each separate development process independently.The CMM has thus been used by different organizations as a general and powerful tool for understanding and then improving general business process performance.
Watts Humphrey's Capability Maturity Model (CMM) was published in 1988[3] and as a book in 1989,in Managing the Software Process.[4]
Organizations were originally assessed using a process maturity questionnaire and a Software Capability Evaluation method devised by Humphrey and his colleagues at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI).
The full representation of the Capability Maturity Model as a set of defined process areas and practices at each of the five maturity levels was initiated in 1991,with Version 1.1 being completed in January 1993.[5] The CMM was published as a book[6] in 1995 by its primary authors,Mark C.Paulk,Charles V.Weber,Bill Curtis,and Mary Beth Chrissis.
Superseded by CMMI
The CMM model proved useful to many organizations[citation needed],but its application in software development has sometimes been problematic.Applying multiple models that are not integrated within and across an organization could be costly in training,appraisals,and improvement activities.The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) project was formed to sort out the problem of using multiple CMMs.
For software development processes,the CMM has been superseded by CMMI,though the CMM continues to be a general theoretical process capability model used in the public domain.
Adapted to other processes
The CMM was originally intended as a tool to evaluate the ability of government contractors to perform a contracted software project.Though it comes from the area of software development,it can be,has been,and continues to be widely applied as a general model of the maturity of process (e.g.,IT service management processes) in IS/IT (and other) organizations.
Model topics
Maturity model
A maturity model can be viewed as a set of structured levels that describe how well the behaviors,practices and processes of an organization can reliably and sustainably produce required outcomes.A maturity model may provide,for example :
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在空军的研究结果是一种模式军队使用的软件分包商的过程能力成熟度的客观评价.汉弗莱基于这个成熟较早的质量管理网架在他的书,由开发的Philip B.Crosby的“质量是免费的.”[1]然而,汉弗莱的做法,因为他独特的见解不同,组织成熟阶段的过程基于解决过程在一个特定的顺序问题.汉弗莱的组织内他对一个系统的软件开发实践的分阶段进化的方法,而不是测量每个单独的开发过程成熟度的独立.三坐标测量机也因此被用来作为一种普遍理解和强大的工具不同的组织,然后改善一般业务流程的性能.
瓦汉弗莱的能力成熟度模型（CMM）出版于1988年[3],并作为1989年的书在管理软件的进程.[4]
组织最初使用过程成熟度评估问卷和软件能力评价方法汉弗莱和他的同事们设计在软件工程研究所（SEI）.
采用能力成熟度模型作为一种定义的过程和做法领域在五个成熟度等级每一套完整表示在1991年发起了1.1版本,即1993年1月完成.[5]三坐标测量机是作为书出版[6在1995]其主要作者,马克三保尔克,查尔斯五,韦伯,比尔柯蒂斯,并玛丽贝丝Chrissis.
CMMI模型所取代
CMM模型非常有用的[引文需要]许多组织中,但其在软件开发中的应用,有时被问题.使用非我内和跨组织整合可以在培训,评估和改进活动昂贵的多个模型.软件能力成熟度模型集成（CMMI）项目成立了梳理使用多个CMM的问题.
对于软件开发过程中,煤层气已被取代的CMMI模型,虽然仍是CMM的一般理论过程能力模型在公共领域使用.
适用于其他进程
CMM的初衷是用来作为一种工具来评价政府承包商执行合同的能力的软件项目.虽然从软件开发领域时,它可以,一直是,并将继续是一个广泛的过程（如,IT服务管理流程）到期日一般模型应用于的IS / IT（及其他）组织.
模型的主题
成熟度模型
一个成熟度模型可以被看作是一个很好的描述了如何的行为,做法和组织过程能够可靠和可持续生产需要的结果结构的水平.一个成熟度模型可以提供,例如：