怎样区分句子的成分
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:大师作文网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/11/07 01:32:55
怎样区分句子的成分,请老师详解,顺便举几个例子好吗?谢谢
解题思路: 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语等 。平时多根据典型句子进行分析句子成分。
解题过程:
在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语等 。
一、主语
主语是全句谈论的中心话题,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。主语的位置一般都在全句的最前面。
1. Comrade Chen is a well-known scientist. (名词作主语)
2. He reads newspapers every day . (代词作主语)
3. Smoking is harmful to the health . (动名词作主语)
4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure . (不定式作主语)
5. What we shall do next is not yet decided . (主语从句作主语)
二、谓语
用为回答主语“做什么”、“怎么样”等。除少数情况外,谓语必须是动词。在运用中,要特别注意谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。除了倒装等特殊情况外,谓语的位置相对来说是固定的,它总是位于主语的后面。
His parents are teachers . (系动词和表语一起作谓语)
We study hard . (行为动词作谓语)
We have finished reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
He can speak English . (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
三、宾语
宾语是谓语动词的对象,它回答动作的内容、目标等。一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now. (名词作宾语)
She said (that)she felt sick. (宾语从句做动词宾语)
We often help him. (代词作宾语)
He likes to play basketball. (不定式作宾语)
We enjoy listening to the music. (动名词短语作宾语)
[说明1] 只有及物动词才有宾语。但是英语里,介词后面的名词也是宾语,叫介词宾语。介词后面的代词要用宾格,如 some of us;如果是动词的话要改为动句词,如 after reading the text...
[说明2] 有些及物动词的宾语,可以分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。间接宾语通常是指人,直接宾语通常指物。
可以用双宾语的动词有: give , show , send , bring , read , pass , lend , leave , hand, tell , return , write , throw ,promise,refuse,make , buy , do , get , play ,order ,sing , pay 等。
1. Our teacher told us a story . (us为间接宾语,a story为直接宾语。)
2. The sun gives us light and warmth. (us为间接宾语,light and warmth为直接宾语)
3. We sent him a telegram. (him为间接宾语,a telegram为直接宾语)
间接宾语和直接宾语的位置可以互换(注意介词的使用):
(1)I gave him a book. / I gave a book to him.
(2)He passed me the book. / He passed the book to me.
(3)He wrote me a letter. / He wrote a letter to me.
(4)He will buy me some books. / He will buy some books for me.
(5)She made me a cake. / She made a cake to me.
四、宾语补足语:
在某些及物动词宾语后面,还有一个成份叫“宾语补足语”,它是对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 例如:
They made her happy . (宾语her怎么样了?形容词happy.作进一步的补充说明)
I saw her dance. (不定式)
We’ll help make the Olympics a success. (名词)
Please let him in . (副词)
We heard her singing a song. (分词短语)
五、表语:
系动词后面的部分叫表语,系动词和表语共同组成“系表结构”,它也是一种谓语形式,用来对主语进行、描述。例如:
I am a teacher . (名词)
He is always happy. (形容词)
They are on the playground now. (介词短语)
It gets cold. (形容词)
系动词除了be动词之外,还有一些动词也是系动词,例如:get(变得),sound(听起来),seem(看起来)feel等等。 例如:
It sounds interesting. (sound为系动词,interesting为表语)
六、定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。它对名词进行一些修饰性的或限定性的说明,即指出名词的某一种特性或特点。一般情况下,单个的词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 例如:
The black bike is mine. (black形容词作定语)
What’s your name ? (your代词作定语)
They made paper flowers. (paper名词作定语)
[说明1] 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后面,称为后置定语。例如:
I tell him something interesting . (intresting 是后置定语)
He has something to do . (to do 为不定式作后置定语)
[说明2] 短语或从句作定语时,通常也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:
The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room 是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。)
七、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。状语的位置比较灵活,可以放在句末、句首、句中。 例如:
He did it carefully . (副词)
We often help him. (副词)
Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday . (介词短语)
When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . (从句作时间状语)
祝你的英语成绩越来越棒!加油!
最终答案:略
解题过程:
在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语等 。
一、主语
主语是全句谈论的中心话题,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。主语的位置一般都在全句的最前面。
1. Comrade Chen is a well-known scientist. (名词作主语)
2. He reads newspapers every day . (代词作主语)
3. Smoking is harmful to the health . (动名词作主语)
4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure . (不定式作主语)
5. What we shall do next is not yet decided . (主语从句作主语)
二、谓语
用为回答主语“做什么”、“怎么样”等。除少数情况外,谓语必须是动词。在运用中,要特别注意谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。除了倒装等特殊情况外,谓语的位置相对来说是固定的,它总是位于主语的后面。
His parents are teachers . (系动词和表语一起作谓语)
We study hard . (行为动词作谓语)
We have finished reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
He can speak English . (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
三、宾语
宾语是谓语动词的对象,它回答动作的内容、目标等。一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now. (名词作宾语)
She said (that)she felt sick. (宾语从句做动词宾语)
We often help him. (代词作宾语)
He likes to play basketball. (不定式作宾语)
We enjoy listening to the music. (动名词短语作宾语)
[说明1] 只有及物动词才有宾语。但是英语里,介词后面的名词也是宾语,叫介词宾语。介词后面的代词要用宾格,如 some of us;如果是动词的话要改为动句词,如 after reading the text...
[说明2] 有些及物动词的宾语,可以分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。间接宾语通常是指人,直接宾语通常指物。
可以用双宾语的动词有: give , show , send , bring , read , pass , lend , leave , hand, tell , return , write , throw ,promise,refuse,make , buy , do , get , play ,order ,sing , pay 等。
1. Our teacher told us a story . (us为间接宾语,a story为直接宾语。)
2. The sun gives us light and warmth. (us为间接宾语,light and warmth为直接宾语)
3. We sent him a telegram. (him为间接宾语,a telegram为直接宾语)
间接宾语和直接宾语的位置可以互换(注意介词的使用):
(1)I gave him a book. / I gave a book to him.
(2)He passed me the book. / He passed the book to me.
(3)He wrote me a letter. / He wrote a letter to me.
(4)He will buy me some books. / He will buy some books for me.
(5)She made me a cake. / She made a cake to me.
四、宾语补足语:
在某些及物动词宾语后面,还有一个成份叫“宾语补足语”,它是对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 例如:
They made her happy . (宾语her怎么样了?形容词happy.作进一步的补充说明)
I saw her dance. (不定式)
We’ll help make the Olympics a success. (名词)
Please let him in . (副词)
We heard her singing a song. (分词短语)
五、表语:
系动词后面的部分叫表语,系动词和表语共同组成“系表结构”,它也是一种谓语形式,用来对主语进行、描述。例如:
I am a teacher . (名词)
He is always happy. (形容词)
They are on the playground now. (介词短语)
It gets cold. (形容词)
系动词除了be动词之外,还有一些动词也是系动词,例如:get(变得),sound(听起来),seem(看起来)feel等等。 例如:
It sounds interesting. (sound为系动词,interesting为表语)
六、定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。它对名词进行一些修饰性的或限定性的说明,即指出名词的某一种特性或特点。一般情况下,单个的词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 例如:
The black bike is mine. (black形容词作定语)
What’s your name ? (your代词作定语)
They made paper flowers. (paper名词作定语)
[说明1] 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后面,称为后置定语。例如:
I tell him something interesting . (intresting 是后置定语)
He has something to do . (to do 为不定式作后置定语)
[说明2] 短语或从句作定语时,通常也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:
The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room 是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。)
七、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。状语的位置比较灵活,可以放在句末、句首、句中。 例如:
He did it carefully . (副词)
We often help him. (副词)
Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday . (介词短语)
When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . (从句作时间状语)
祝你的英语成绩越来越棒!加油!
最终答案:略
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