卤代烷烃的反应方程式书写
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:大师作文网作业帮 分类:化学作业 时间:2024/11/20 05:37:56
(1)溴乙烷跟NaHS反应 (2)碘甲烷跟CH3COONa (3)由碘甲烷,无水乙醇和金属钠合成甲乙醚
解题思路: 卤代烷烃容易发生取代反应。
解题过程:
解析:
采用类比法解答
学过的卤代烃水解的反应是:
CH3CH2CH2Br+OH-→CH3CH2CH2OH+Br-实质是带负电原子团(OH-)取代卤原子。
将问题与题给信息类比找相似点:
NaHS→HS-离子,相当于OH-;
CH3COONa→CH3COO-离子相当于OH-;
CH3OCH2CH3→OCH2CH3离子相当于OH-
根据规律完成过程:
CH3CH2Br+HS- →CH3CH2SH+Br-
CH3I+CH3COO-→ CH3COOCH3+I-
CH3CH2OH+Na→CH3CH2ONa+0.5H2↑
CH3I+CH3CH2ONa→CH3OCH2CH3+NaI
答案:
(1)CH3CH2Br+NaHS→CH3CH2SH+NaBr
(2)CH3I+CH3COONa →CH3COOCH3+NaI
(3)2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑
CH3I+CH3CH2ONa→ CH3OCH2CH3+NaI
最终答案:略
解题过程:
解析:
采用类比法解答
学过的卤代烃水解的反应是:
CH3CH2CH2Br+OH-→CH3CH2CH2OH+Br-实质是带负电原子团(OH-)取代卤原子。
将问题与题给信息类比找相似点:
NaHS→HS-离子,相当于OH-;
CH3COONa→CH3COO-离子相当于OH-;
CH3OCH2CH3→OCH2CH3离子相当于OH-
根据规律完成过程:
CH3CH2Br+HS- →CH3CH2SH+Br-
CH3I+CH3COO-→ CH3COOCH3+I-
CH3CH2OH+Na→CH3CH2ONa+0.5H2↑
CH3I+CH3CH2ONa→CH3OCH2CH3+NaI
答案:
(1)CH3CH2Br+NaHS→CH3CH2SH+NaBr
(2)CH3I+CH3COONa →CH3COOCH3+NaI
(3)2CH3CH2OH+2Na→2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑
CH3I+CH3CH2ONa→ CH3OCH2CH3+NaI
最终答案:略