大师作文网有没有同位语讲解?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/07 06:42:41
有没有同位语讲解?
句子中指代同一事物的两个词、片语或子句,称同位关系.例如：My sister, Helen Wilson, will travel with me. 句中My sister和Helen Wilson指的是同一个人,它们是同位成分,后一成分通常叫做前一成分的同位语.
定义同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词, 对前者加以说明的成分.同位语只有主语和宾语才有,由名词性短语充当.
解释一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
例句
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
our new teacher是主词Mr. Smith的同位语,指同一人.
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
himself和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动.
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意；观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面.例如： He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意： that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于：同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代；定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于： 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用； 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. （同位语从句, when为连接词） That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. （定语从句,which/that为关系副词） This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. （同位语从句, where为连接词） This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. （定语从句,where为关系副词）
同位语高考考点聚焦
同位语是必学的内容.但教材及练习所涉及的范围有限,多半集中在同位语从句上,或者侧重于如何区别于定语从句上,其余的大都被忽略了.因此当近几年高考题出现多种形式的同位语时,不少考生叫难.这表明同位语的教学目前或多或少还是一个被遗忘的角落.在这里我们从以下几个方面进行讲
定义：一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式）,对前者进一步说明它指的是谁,什么等,那么这一部分就叫做同位语.同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
一、单词作同位语：
This is my friend Harry.
We both come from Hunan.
We Chinese are brave and hardworking.
You three take these seats.
二、短语作同位语：
（1） 使用不定式作同位语.如：
He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.
（2） 使用介词短语作同位语.如:
Wang Li, just back from the training class, was made director of the Maternity Home.
（3） 有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把它们分开.如：
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade.
三、从句作同位语：
同位语从句是一种在平常的学习中经常出现的从句形式,我们应从以下三点掌握并予以运用：
（1） 什么是同位语从句
某些名词后面,可以跟that或连接代词（副词）引起的从句作同位语,说明其内容时,该从句就称为同位语从句.
（2）同位语从句的先行词有：idea, fact, news,hope, belief, thought, doubt, promise, truth, agreement, decision等.如：
I have no idea that you were here.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
注意：有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面.如：
The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front.
（3） 区别同位语从句和定语从句
从意义上讲,前者对名词加以补充说明,而后者对名词进行修饰和限定.
从结构上讲,前者由连接词引导,后者由关系代词引导.
从内涵上讲,前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语等.
引导同位语从句的连词不可省略,而引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略.
同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词,而定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限制.
试比较：
The news that he was married is not true. （同位语从句.that在从句中不作任何成分,和从句没有逻辑关系）
The news that you told me yesterday is true. （定语从句.that 在句中作宾语,可以省略）
【考例1】 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________ a cure for AIDS will be found. ( 2005广东)
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether
解析：答案B. 在“there is no doubt”后常跟that引导的同位语从句,表示“毫无疑问”之意.
【考例2】 A warm thought suddenly came to me
________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday． (2006安徽)
A． if B． when
C． that D．which
解析：答案C.that 引导同位语从句,来进一步解释说明thought.
【考例3】 Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （2006重庆）
A. why B. that
C. where D. because
解析：答案B.that 引导同位语从句,进一步解释reason.句意为：没有人相信他不来上课的原因——他必须到机场去接他的叔叔.
定义同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词, 对前者加以说明的成分.同位语只有主语和宾语才有,由名词性短语充当.
解释一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
例句
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
our new teacher是主词Mr. Smith的同位语,指同一人.
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
himself和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动.
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意；观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面.例如： He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意： that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于：同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代；定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于： 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用； 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. （同位语从句, when为连接词） That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. （定语从句,which/that为关系副词） This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. （同位语从句, where为连接词） This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. （定语从句,where为关系副词）
同位语高考考点聚焦
同位语是必学的内容.但教材及练习所涉及的范围有限,多半集中在同位语从句上,或者侧重于如何区别于定语从句上,其余的大都被忽略了.因此当近几年高考题出现多种形式的同位语时,不少考生叫难.这表明同位语的教学目前或多或少还是一个被遗忘的角落.在这里我们从以下几个方面进行讲
定义：一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式）,对前者进一步说明它指的是谁,什么等,那么这一部分就叫做同位语.同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
一、单词作同位语：
This is my friend Harry.
We both come from Hunan.
We Chinese are brave and hardworking.
You three take these seats.
二、短语作同位语：
（1） 使用不定式作同位语.如：
He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.
（2） 使用介词短语作同位语.如:
Wang Li, just back from the training class, was made director of the Maternity Home.
（3） 有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把它们分开.如：
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade.
三、从句作同位语：
同位语从句是一种在平常的学习中经常出现的从句形式,我们应从以下三点掌握并予以运用：
（1） 什么是同位语从句
某些名词后面,可以跟that或连接代词（副词）引起的从句作同位语,说明其内容时,该从句就称为同位语从句.
（2）同位语从句的先行词有：idea, fact, news,hope, belief, thought, doubt, promise, truth, agreement, decision等.如：
I have no idea that you were here.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
注意：有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面.如：
The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front.
（3） 区别同位语从句和定语从句
从意义上讲,前者对名词加以补充说明,而后者对名词进行修饰和限定.
从结构上讲,前者由连接词引导,后者由关系代词引导.
从内涵上讲,前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语等.
引导同位语从句的连词不可省略,而引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略.
同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词,而定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限制.
试比较：
The news that he was married is not true. （同位语从句.that在从句中不作任何成分,和从句没有逻辑关系）
The news that you told me yesterday is true. （定语从句.that 在句中作宾语,可以省略）
【考例1】 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________ a cure for AIDS will be found. ( 2005广东)
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether
解析：答案B. 在“there is no doubt”后常跟that引导的同位语从句,表示“毫无疑问”之意.
【考例2】 A warm thought suddenly came to me
________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday． (2006安徽)
A． if B． when
C． that D．which
解析：答案C.that 引导同位语从句,来进一步解释说明thought.
【考例3】 Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （2006重庆）
A. why B. that
C. where D. because
解析：答案B.that 引导同位语从句,进一步解释reason.句意为：没有人相信他不来上课的原因——他必须到机场去接他的叔叔.