大师作文网急需《约翰·洛克菲勒传》的梗概~
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/18 17:55:49
急需《约翰·洛克菲勒传》的梗概~
英文版
John D. Rockefeller, Sr.--history's first billionaire and the patriarch of America's most famous dynasty--is an icon whose true nature has eluded three generations of historians. Now Ron Chernow, the National Book Award-winning biographer of the Morgan and Warburg banking families, gives us a history of the mogul "etched with uncommon objectivity and literary grace . . . as detailed, balanced, and psychologically insightful a portrait of the tycoon as we may ever have" (Kirkus Reviews). Titan is the first full-length biography based on unrestricted access to Rockefeller's exceptionally rich trove of papers. A landmark publication full of startling revelations, the book will indelibly alter our image of this most enigmatic capitalist.
Born the son of a flamboyant, bigamous snake-oil salesman and a pious, straitlaced mother, Rockefeller rose from rustic origins to become the world's richest man by creating America's most powerful and feared monopoly, Standard Oil. Branded "the Octopus" by legions of muckrakers, the trust refined and marketed nearly 90 percent of the oil produced in America.
Rockefeller was likely the most controversial businessman in our nation's history. Critics charged that his empire was built on unscrupulous tactics: grand-scale collusion with the railroads, predatory pricing, industrial espionage, and wholesale bribery of political officials. The titan spent more than thirty years dodging investigations until Teddy Roosevelt and his trustbusters embarked on a marathon crusade to bring Standard Oil to bay.
While providing abundant new evidence of Rockefeller's misdeeds, Chernow discards the stereotype of the cold-blooded monster to sketch an unforgettably human portrait of a quirky, eccentric original. A devout Baptist and temperance advocate, Rockefeller gave money more generously--his chosen philanthropies included the Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Chicago, and what is today Rockefeller University--than anyone before him. Titan presents a finely nuanced portrait of a fascinating, complex man, synthesizing his public and private lives and disclosing numerous family scandals, tragedies, and misfortunes that have never before come to light.
John D. Rockefeller's story captures a pivotal moment in American history, documenting the dramatic post-Civil War shift from small business to the rise of giant corporations that irrevocably transformed the nation. With cameos by Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Jay Gould, William Vanderbilt, Ida Tarbell, Andrew Carnegie, Carl Jung, J. Pierpont Morgan, William James, Henry Clay Frick, Mark Twain, and Will Rogers, Titan turns Rockefeller's life into a vivid tapestry of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is Ron Chernow's signal triumph that he narrates this monumental saga with all the sweep, drama, and insight that this giant subject deserves.
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约翰·戴维森·洛克菲勒（1839年7月8日－1937年5月23日）,美国实业家,慈善家,以革命了石油工业与塑造现代慈善的企业化结构而闻名.1870年他创立了标准石油,在全盛期他垄断了全美90%的石油市场,成为美国第一位10亿富豪与全球首富.今天他则被公认为人类近代史上首富,身价折合今日之3000亿美元以上.约翰·洛克菲勒全称约翰·戴维森·洛克菲勒（英文：John Davison Rockefeller,1839年7月8日－1937年5月23日）,美国实业家,慈善家,以革命了石油工业与塑造现代慈善的企业化结构而闻名.1870年他创立了标准石油,在全盛期他垄断了全美90%的石油市场,成为美国第一位十亿富豪与全球首富.他也普遍被视为人类近代史上首富,财富总值折合今日之3000亿美元以上.
他受到记者与各种舆论的攻击,标准石油最后被美国最高法院判决违反反托拉斯法并且在1911年被勒令拆分为34家公司(事实上,反托拉斯法正是针对标准石油而制定的).规模之巨大,其后继企业：艾克森美孚ExxonMobil、埃莫科Amoco、康纳科Conoco和雪佛龙Chevron在百年后的今天依然是世界最大的数间石油公司(其中艾克森美孚为2007年Fortune 500全球企业第二大[5]).
另一方面,洛克菲勒在他人生的后40年致力于慈善事业,主要是教育和医药领域.他在1897年正式结束对标准石油的直接管理,但保持了大部分的股权.他出资成立洛克菲勒研究所,资助北美医学研究,包括根除十二指肠寄身虫和黄热病,帮助了野口英世的研究,也对抗生素的发现贡献甚大.另外难得的是,他对黑人族群非常关照,并斥巨资提升黑人教育,广设学校.他也是个虔诚的北浸礼会教友,并且在他的一生中支持了很多教会背景的机构.
今天的两所美国顶尖大学：芝加哥大学、与洛克菲勒大学都是他创办的. 现今的纽约市也处处可见洛克菲勒家族留下的地标,如联合国总部大楼、洛克菲勒中心等等.
洛克菲勒坚信他人生的目的是“从其他恶性竞争的商人们身上赚取尽可能多的金钱,而用此金钱发展有益人类的事业”.他以各种手段成为了空前绝后的巨富,但他不烟不酒不赌不色,一生可谓勤俭自持,并在晚年将大部分财产捐出资助慈善与研究事业,开美国富豪行善之先河,给今天如比尔·盖茨与沃伦·巴菲特等富豪写下了先例,让他成为美国近代史上最富传奇色彩与争议性的人物之一.
这位垄断者的一举一动牵动着国际石油市场的每一根神经,他创建了一个史无前例的联合事业--托拉斯.约翰·洛克菲勒通过气势如虹的兼并和扩张垄断了美国的石油工业,而被人称为"石油大王".世界首富比尔·盖茨把洛克菲勒作为自己惟一的崇拜对象："我心目中的赚钱英雄只有一个名字,那就是洛克菲勒."洛克菲勒中心的53层摩天大楼坐落在美国纽约第五大道上.这里也是标准石油公司的所在地.标准石油公司创立之初（1870年)仅有5个人,而今天该公司拥有股东30万,油轮500多艘,年收入已达五六百亿美元,可以说,这里的一举一动牵动着国际石油市场的每一根神经.整个中心犹如一个庞大的帝国,而这个帝国的奠基人就是洛克菲勒.
洛克菲勒创建了一个史无前例的联合事业--托拉斯.在这个托拉斯结构下,他合并了40多家厂商,垄断了全国80％的炼油工业和90％的油管生意.不久,托拉斯在全美各地、各行业野火般地迅速蔓延开来.显然,洛克菲勒成功地造就了美国历史上一个独特的时代--垄断时代.
John D. Rockefeller, Sr.--history's first billionaire and the patriarch of America's most famous dynasty--is an icon whose true nature has eluded three generations of historians. Now Ron Chernow, the National Book Award-winning biographer of the Morgan and Warburg banking families, gives us a history of the mogul "etched with uncommon objectivity and literary grace . . . as detailed, balanced, and psychologically insightful a portrait of the tycoon as we may ever have" (Kirkus Reviews). Titan is the first full-length biography based on unrestricted access to Rockefeller's exceptionally rich trove of papers. A landmark publication full of startling revelations, the book will indelibly alter our image of this most enigmatic capitalist.
Born the son of a flamboyant, bigamous snake-oil salesman and a pious, straitlaced mother, Rockefeller rose from rustic origins to become the world's richest man by creating America's most powerful and feared monopoly, Standard Oil. Branded "the Octopus" by legions of muckrakers, the trust refined and marketed nearly 90 percent of the oil produced in America.
Rockefeller was likely the most controversial businessman in our nation's history. Critics charged that his empire was built on unscrupulous tactics: grand-scale collusion with the railroads, predatory pricing, industrial espionage, and wholesale bribery of political officials. The titan spent more than thirty years dodging investigations until Teddy Roosevelt and his trustbusters embarked on a marathon crusade to bring Standard Oil to bay.
While providing abundant new evidence of Rockefeller's misdeeds, Chernow discards the stereotype of the cold-blooded monster to sketch an unforgettably human portrait of a quirky, eccentric original. A devout Baptist and temperance advocate, Rockefeller gave money more generously--his chosen philanthropies included the Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Chicago, and what is today Rockefeller University--than anyone before him. Titan presents a finely nuanced portrait of a fascinating, complex man, synthesizing his public and private lives and disclosing numerous family scandals, tragedies, and misfortunes that have never before come to light.
John D. Rockefeller's story captures a pivotal moment in American history, documenting the dramatic post-Civil War shift from small business to the rise of giant corporations that irrevocably transformed the nation. With cameos by Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Jay Gould, William Vanderbilt, Ida Tarbell, Andrew Carnegie, Carl Jung, J. Pierpont Morgan, William James, Henry Clay Frick, Mark Twain, and Will Rogers, Titan turns Rockefeller's life into a vivid tapestry of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is Ron Chernow's signal triumph that he narrates this monumental saga with all the sweep, drama, and insight that this giant subject deserves.
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约翰·戴维森·洛克菲勒（1839年7月8日－1937年5月23日）,美国实业家,慈善家,以革命了石油工业与塑造现代慈善的企业化结构而闻名.1870年他创立了标准石油,在全盛期他垄断了全美90%的石油市场,成为美国第一位10亿富豪与全球首富.今天他则被公认为人类近代史上首富,身价折合今日之3000亿美元以上.约翰·洛克菲勒全称约翰·戴维森·洛克菲勒（英文：John Davison Rockefeller,1839年7月8日－1937年5月23日）,美国实业家,慈善家,以革命了石油工业与塑造现代慈善的企业化结构而闻名.1870年他创立了标准石油,在全盛期他垄断了全美90%的石油市场,成为美国第一位十亿富豪与全球首富.他也普遍被视为人类近代史上首富,财富总值折合今日之3000亿美元以上.
他受到记者与各种舆论的攻击,标准石油最后被美国最高法院判决违反反托拉斯法并且在1911年被勒令拆分为34家公司(事实上,反托拉斯法正是针对标准石油而制定的).规模之巨大,其后继企业：艾克森美孚ExxonMobil、埃莫科Amoco、康纳科Conoco和雪佛龙Chevron在百年后的今天依然是世界最大的数间石油公司(其中艾克森美孚为2007年Fortune 500全球企业第二大[5]).
另一方面,洛克菲勒在他人生的后40年致力于慈善事业,主要是教育和医药领域.他在1897年正式结束对标准石油的直接管理,但保持了大部分的股权.他出资成立洛克菲勒研究所,资助北美医学研究,包括根除十二指肠寄身虫和黄热病,帮助了野口英世的研究,也对抗生素的发现贡献甚大.另外难得的是,他对黑人族群非常关照,并斥巨资提升黑人教育,广设学校.他也是个虔诚的北浸礼会教友,并且在他的一生中支持了很多教会背景的机构.
今天的两所美国顶尖大学：芝加哥大学、与洛克菲勒大学都是他创办的. 现今的纽约市也处处可见洛克菲勒家族留下的地标,如联合国总部大楼、洛克菲勒中心等等.
洛克菲勒坚信他人生的目的是“从其他恶性竞争的商人们身上赚取尽可能多的金钱,而用此金钱发展有益人类的事业”.他以各种手段成为了空前绝后的巨富,但他不烟不酒不赌不色,一生可谓勤俭自持,并在晚年将大部分财产捐出资助慈善与研究事业,开美国富豪行善之先河,给今天如比尔·盖茨与沃伦·巴菲特等富豪写下了先例,让他成为美国近代史上最富传奇色彩与争议性的人物之一.
这位垄断者的一举一动牵动着国际石油市场的每一根神经,他创建了一个史无前例的联合事业--托拉斯.约翰·洛克菲勒通过气势如虹的兼并和扩张垄断了美国的石油工业,而被人称为"石油大王".世界首富比尔·盖茨把洛克菲勒作为自己惟一的崇拜对象："我心目中的赚钱英雄只有一个名字,那就是洛克菲勒."洛克菲勒中心的53层摩天大楼坐落在美国纽约第五大道上.这里也是标准石油公司的所在地.标准石油公司创立之初（1870年)仅有5个人,而今天该公司拥有股东30万,油轮500多艘,年收入已达五六百亿美元,可以说,这里的一举一动牵动着国际石油市场的每一根神经.整个中心犹如一个庞大的帝国,而这个帝国的奠基人就是洛克菲勒.
洛克菲勒创建了一个史无前例的联合事业--托拉斯.在这个托拉斯结构下,他合并了40多家厂商,垄断了全国80％的炼油工业和90％的油管生意.不久,托拉斯在全美各地、各行业野火般地迅速蔓延开来.显然,洛克菲勒成功地造就了美国历史上一个独特的时代--垄断时代.