怎么区分英语的各种句字（说的简单点）

怎么区分英语的各种句字（说的简单点）
怎么区分英语的各种句字,比如;宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,表语从与,主语从句,谓语从句,状语从句,补语从句 等等.请说得简单易懂 ,易记一点

1）It is certain that he will win the match. （2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting. （6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. （7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. （8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. （12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film) （13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) 14This is the house where I lived two years ago. 15Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 16Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 17This is the reason why he came late. 18This is the reason for which he came late. though, although 注意： 当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活. He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作. Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了. （谚语） 典型例题 1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless 答案：C.意为虽然她很年轻,却知道许多. 2) as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）. Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词. b. 句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意. 3) ever if, even though. 即使 We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whether…or- 不管……都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句. （错）No matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了.(Whatever you say是主语从句) （错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么. 北京师范大学 季亚文 作者邮箱：jiyawen88@sohu.com 一.名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句.例如：Hw5中国英语学习网 宾语从句：I don't know where he will go.Hw5中国英语学习网 主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.Hw5中国英语学习网 表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.Hw5中国英语学习网 同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.Hw5中国英语学习网 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：Hw5中国英语学习网 1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达"是否"意,（即引导宾语从句时if和whetherHw5中国英语学习网 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：Hw5中国英语学习网 （1） 引导主语从句,且在句首时.例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但Hw5中国英语学习网 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).Hw5中国英语学习网 （2） 引导表语从句时.例The problem is whether he can get a job. Hw5中国英语学习网 （3） 引导同位语从句时.例：I have no idea whether he will come.Hw5中国英语学习网 （4） 介词后的whether从句.例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.Hw5中国英语学习网 2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘.Hw5中国英语学习网 例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.Hw5中国英语学习网 3． 在"It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/...＋Hw5中国英语学习网 that从句"结构中,that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式.Hw5中国英语学习网 例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.Hw5中国英语学习网 It is a pity s life.?that one(should) stay in one place all oneHw5中国英语学习网 It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.Hw5中国英语学习网 4． 在"The reason why...is that..."句式中that不要误为because.Hw5中国英语学习网 例如: The reason why he didn't go to school yesterday is that he was ill.Hw5中国英语学习网 5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：Hw5中国英语学习网 引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,what＝the Hw5中国英语学习网 thing(s) that. 例如：It was told in newspaper yesterday that what the students had done was praised Hw5中国英语学习网 by the factory. I know that he will study.Hw5中国英语学习网 I know what he will study.Hw5中国英语学习网 That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.Hw5中国英语学习网 What he works hard at is known to us all.Hw5中国英语学习网 All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he Hw5中国英语学习网 used to be.他和以前大不相同了. 6. where在名词从句中的使用特点：Hw5中国英语学习网 where在名词从句中有时可以变为"the place where",有时可以变为"介词＋the place where" 形式.例如：Hw5中国英语学习网 主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.Hw5中国英语学习网 宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?Hw5中国英语学习网 表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.Hw5中国英语学习网 同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays. 7. 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序.例如：Hw5中国英语学习网 I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.Hw5中国英语学习网 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即"主＋谓＋（宾）"或"主＋系＋表"结构）,将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时,无需改变语序.例如：Hw5中国英语学习网 s?What the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.Hw5中国英语学习网 Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather. Hw5中国英语学习网 二.名词从句考点分析Hw5中国英语学习网 1．They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)Hw5中国英语学习网 A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can theyHw5中国英语学习网 析：此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除C、D.又因how they can do不完整,do后无宾Hw5中国英语学习网 语,故也应排除,只有A项既是陈述语序,且what they can do完整正确地表达出"他Hw5中国英语学习网 们能做些什么"这一意思,故答案为A.Hw5中国英语学习网 2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.Hw5中国英语学习网 A.didn't think;was;that B.thought;was;whetherHw5中国英语学习网 C.didn't think;was;× t;×?D.thought;wasnHw5中国英语学习网 析：观察题目,可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前一个宾语从句Hw5中国英语学习网 的引导语that可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略,据此,可排除C、DHw5中国英语学习网 两个选项.若选B项,全句意思不通,而选择A项可表达"他的老师认为他不聪明,不Hw5中国英语学习网 值得教"这一意思,且语法结构无误,故可定A是正确答案.Hw5中国英语学习网 3．______ is done cannot be undone.Hw5中国英语学习网 A.How B.That C.What D.WhereHw5中国英语学习网 析：do一般作及物动词使用,从题干看,需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）.Hw5中国英语学习网 而A.How,D.Where均是副词,不能作主语,故应排除.B项that一词只能在定语从句Hw5中国英语学习网 中作主语,不能在主语从句中作主语,也应排除.只有选what(＝the thing that),才Hw5中国英语学习网 能正确表述"凡是做的不可不做"这一意思.