求教几个从句的语法The organization has developed several techniques u

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求教几个从句的语法
The organization has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work.
1.useful前是否省略了 which is doing为什么用ing？这是什么从句？
Many communities have a low literacy rate,making impossible passing out the literature.
2.making的主语不是it吗？这里为什么省略了？making it impossible to pass才对吧？passing为什么用ing？
they explain the risk of catch ADIS to friends their own age much better than an adult can.
3.这里怎么看都省略了好多，

1 不能说是省略了which is,因为这里直接使用形容词useful修饰就可以了,加上which is只不过是使用了定语从句,doing是跟随前面的groups,表达做同样工作时候,是主谓关系,所以使用ing形式,这个句子里面没有从句
2 making在这个句子里面的主语是前面整句话所表达的意思,所以要使用ing形式,可以换成定语从句which makes;后面的句子换一下顺序就是making passing out the literature impossible
使用的句型是：make sth +adj
3 第3个句子有没有打漏什么阿?
再问：为什么直接用useful就行了？好歹也是sth be useful to sth吧，怎么就直接形容词了呢？第三个句子完整的是 They （make it simple and） explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can.绝对没少，我只不过把括号里的省略了
再答：形容词做定语修饰名词，这个不难理解吧？这里的useful并不是句子的谓语，所以不用你说的sth be useful to ... 第三个句子明明是catching，你打成catch当然难理解了这下句子就明朗了 they explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends (on) their own age can be much better than an adult.

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