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过去完成时45

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请老师具体说明过去完成时,最好举例说明
过去完成时45
解题思路: 从过去完成时的构成、用法、句式等进行掌握。
解题过程:
过去完成时由"助动词had(通用于各种人称和数)+过去分词构成。

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
具体如下:
过去完成时的基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。例如:
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the
spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如:
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally
came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如:
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of
mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my
lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:
I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如:
He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)在包含有when,
until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。例如:
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

Statements 陈述句
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
在他们到达旅馆之前,他们已经吃早饭了。
从句中"arrived at"到达在"过去"的时间,而"had already had"吃早饭的动作发生在到达之前,因此主句的时态为"过去的过去"。
I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning. 今天上午10:00点以前,我已经写完了我的作文。
She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera. 当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时,她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。
I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes. 我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容,以至我没有出现任何错误。

Negative 否定句
He remembered he hadn't paid for it yet. He said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before.
他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。

Questions 疑问句

How many English flushed had you seen by the end of last term?

到上学期期末为止,你们看了多少部英文片?

Had you reached the station before ten o'clock?

到十点以前,你们已经到达火车站了吗?


最终答案:略