大师作文网求翻译~~求帮忙Experimentation’s artificiality has parallels in the
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求翻译~~求帮忙
Experimentation’s artificiality has parallels in the world of theory. Although
we may think of theories and models as straightforward descriptions of the
material world, identifying its states and properties, they are at best idealizations
of or abstractions from the real world that they purport to represent.
This point is at least as old as Plato’s argument that mathematics must
describe a world of forms that are prior to material reality; mathematicians
in Ancient Greece developed styles of diagrams and technical language that
allowed them to learn about necessary and abstract objects while working
with constructed and concrete ones (Netz 1999). But this point has also
been forcefully made more recently. Scientific theories and laws are ceteris
paribus statements: they do not tell us how the natural world behaves in
its natural states, but rather that a set of objects with such and such properties,
and only those properties, would behave like so (Cartwright 1983).
By science’s own standards, its best theories and laws rarely even apply exactly
to the contrived circumstances of the laboratory.
Experimentation’s artificiality has parallels in the world of theory. Although
we may think of theories and models as straightforward descriptions of the
material world, identifying its states and properties, they are at best idealizations
of or abstractions from the real world that they purport to represent.
This point is at least as old as Plato’s argument that mathematics must
describe a world of forms that are prior to material reality; mathematicians
in Ancient Greece developed styles of diagrams and technical language that
allowed them to learn about necessary and abstract objects while working
with constructed and concrete ones (Netz 1999). But this point has also
been forcefully made more recently. Scientific theories and laws are ceteris
paribus statements: they do not tell us how the natural world behaves in
its natural states, but rather that a set of objects with such and such properties,
and only those properties, would behave like so (Cartwright 1983).
By science’s own standards, its best theories and laws rarely even apply exactly
to the contrived circumstances of the laboratory.
人为实验的理论有平行世界理论。虽然我们认为理论和模型可以的简单描述
物质世界，识别它的状态和属性，它们是现实世界最理想化或抽象的代表。这一点至少像柏拉图的观点,数学必须描述一个世界形态是真实的物质优先的;古希腊的数学家发展图和技术语言的形式让它们了解构造和具体事物工作时必要的和抽象的对象（Netz（人名） 1999）。但最近这一点也被承认是有说服力的。科学理论和定律是其它形式的相同表述：他们不告诉我们何为其自然状态的自然界的行为，而是一组对象和特性，正是这些特性，使它们相同(Cartwright（人名） 1983)。按照科学的标准,最好的理论和定律很少甚至完全适用的实验室环境下得出的。
物质世界，识别它的状态和属性，它们是现实世界最理想化或抽象的代表。这一点至少像柏拉图的观点,数学必须描述一个世界形态是真实的物质优先的;古希腊的数学家发展图和技术语言的形式让它们了解构造和具体事物工作时必要的和抽象的对象（Netz（人名） 1999）。但最近这一点也被承认是有说服力的。科学理论和定律是其它形式的相同表述：他们不告诉我们何为其自然状态的自然界的行为，而是一组对象和特性，正是这些特性，使它们相同(Cartwright（人名） 1983)。按照科学的标准,最好的理论和定律很少甚至完全适用的实验室环境下得出的。
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