英语翻译Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and P

英语翻译
Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and PKE,as distinct from technological externalities,we have specified a quadratic relationship between the concentration of innovative activities at the regional level and their net positive effects.We qualified the relationship between knowledge externalities and agglomeration as a quadratic function.Agglomeration yields positive net knowledge externalities only until a given threshold.Too much agglomeration and too dense knowledge transactions progressively dissipate the advantages in terms of knowledge externalities because of the emerging losses engendered by reduced appropriability.
This article has provided a strong test for the hypotheses that a quadratic relationship existed between technological concentration and total factor productivity growth for a large sample of European regions from 1995 to 2003.The quadratic specification is a powerful result because it enables one to identify the shifting relative advantage of regions in the location of knowledge-intensive activities.The identification of the notion of relative advantage in the location of knowledge-intensive activities enabled us to identify the regions in which it is not appropriate to invest in knowledge generating activities,the regions in which it is “more” convenient to invest in activities,and the regions in which it would be better to reduce the levels of these activities.
The strong econometric results enable one to appreciate the implications of the quadratic specification in terms of output elasticity to additional knowledge-intensive activities.It is clear that,by definition,when the first derivative in a quadratic function is stronger,the smaller the level of concentration.Hence,our findings confirm the hypothesis that the output elasticity of additional knowledge-intensive activities is higher in peripheral than in core regions.

建立在对知识的观念和PKE市场,有别于从技术外部性,我们已经指定了一种和解的二次关系创新活动的浓度在地方一级,其净积极的影响.我们合格的关系作为一种知识外部性和集聚二次函数.集聚积极的网络知识外部性收益只有直到某个给定的阈值.太多的集聚与知识交易太密集的优势逐步消散在知识方面则因为新兴的外部性产生appropriability损失减少.
本文提供了一个强大的测试假说之间存在着二次关系技术浓度和全要素生产率增长的欧洲地区的大样本从1995年到2003年.二次规范是一个强大的结果,因为它可以让一个确定的区域比较优势变化的位置上的知识密集型活动.识别的概念相对优势的位置上的知识密集型活动使我们能够确定地区它并不合适投资知识生成活动,地区是“更多”方便的投资活动,地区最好的水平,减少这些活动.