英语翻译5 Simulation of extrusionIn this paper,Deform software i

英语翻译
5 Simulation of extrusion
In this paper,Deform software is used to simulate extrusion
forming to verify the above calculation results [8–10].The
simulation environment is similar to actual conditions
which are stated as follows:
5.1 The purpose of simulation
In order to reduce manufacturing cost,save time and obtain
a qualified spline as soon as possible,In this paper,
simulation of extrusion has been made.Therefore,the
purpose of this simulation is to obtain the optical guide
angle a (ref.to Fig.5) according to the value of stress and
strain of the workpiece during extrusion.
5.2 Simulation environment
Analysis software Deform-3D 5.0
Analysis mode Heat transfer &
deformation
Workpiece material AISI-1045 similar with
20 Cr (GB)
Number of mesh 70000
Nodes 14452↑
Element 62766
Analysis steps 100
Time increment 0.5
Frication coefficient between top
and the workpiece
0.3
Frication coefficient between
bottom and the workpiece
0.08
5.3 Setup of model and simulation
The model of simulation is as Fig.6 in which the structure
of the bottom die is as Fig.5.Diameters of the bottom die
and top die are Φ45 and Φ25,respectively,and their
thicknesses are all 10 mm.In this model,both the bottom
die and top die are rigid and the workpiece is plastic.
During extrusion,the top die moves down at constant speed
of 1.0 mm/s.The diameter and length of the workpiece are
Φ12.9 and 25 mm,respectively.
Three simulations are made whose bottom die are 20°,
25° and 30°,respectively,in the same conditions.
5.4 Results of simulation
Strain distribution of the workpiece at step 10 and Stress
distribution of the workpiece at step 24 are shown in Figs.7
and 8,respectively.The other maximum stress and strain
values at these two steps are listed at Table 1.Figure 9 is
the simulation result at step 82.From these results,the
following points can be obtained:

5 挤压的仿真
在本文中,采用了变形软件来仿真挤压成型,以验证上面的计算结果【8－10】.仿真的环境与实际条件类似,它们具体说明如下：
5.1 仿真的目的
为了尽量降低成本,节省时间,和获得合格的花键,在本文中,仿真了挤压过程.所以此仿真的目的是根据工件在挤压过程中的应力和应变值得出光学导向角α（参见图5）.
5.2 仿真环境
分析软件： Deform-3D 5.0
仿真方式： 热传递和变形
工件材质： AISI－1045,类似于20Cr（GB）
网孔数： 70000
节点： 14452↑
元： 61766
分析步骤： 100
时间增量： 0.5
顶部和工件间的摩擦系数： 0.3
底部和工件间的摩擦系数： 0.08
5.3 模型和仿真的装置
仿真的模型如图6所示,其中,底部模具的结构如图5所示.底部模和顶部模的直径分别为Φ45和Φ25.它们的厚度都是11mm.在这一模型中,底部膜和顶部模都是刚性的,而工件是塑性的.在挤压过程中,顶部模以1.0mm的恒定速度向下移动.工件的直径和长度分别为Φ12.9和25mm.
分别在底部模为20°,25°,30°,在相同条件下进行了三次仿真.
5.4 仿真的结果
工件在第10步的应变分布和工件在24步的应力分布分别示于图7和图8.在这两个步骤时的其他最大应力和应变值列于表1.图9是在82步的仿真的结果.从这些结果,可以得出以下几点：