英语翻译明天要用很着急 有些不确定的专有名词可用拼音或汉字显示 明十三陵位于北京市昌平区天寿山麓,东、西、北三面环山,是

英语翻译
明天要用很着急 有些不确定的专有名词可用拼音或汉字显示
明十三陵位于北京市昌平区天寿山麓,东、西、北三面环山,是世界上保存较为完整和埋藏皇帝最多的墓葬群.
陵区面积约120平方公里.群山之内,各陵均依山面水而建,布局庄重和谐.明成祖朱棣的长陵建于明永乐七年（公元1409年）,是陵区第一陵,位于天寿山主峰前.
此后明朝营建的仁宗献陵、宣宗景陵、英宗裕陵、宪宗茂陵、孝宗泰陵、武宗康陵、世宗永陵、穆宗昭陵、神宗定陵、先宗庆陵、慕宗德陵等十一陵分别座落在长陵两侧山下.
陵区中部长达七公里的长陵神道（总神道）与各陵相通.
明崇祯帝朱由检的思陵是最后一陵,位于陵区西南隅,系妃坟改用,清顺治元年（公元1644年）始定陵名,增建地上建筑.
此外,陵区内还建有明代妃坟七座、太监墓一座,并曾建有行宫、苑囿等附属建筑,周围曾筑有十个关城.
这里青山环抱,风景美丽,在方圆约40平方公里的小盆地里,错落有致地分布着明代13个皇帝的陵墓,后人称为明十三陵.现在这里成了一个驰名世界的游览地.
由于这个陵墓区太大了,一般游人主要游览其中的两个陵墓,一个是建筑规格最宏伟的长陵,一个是将地下宫殿发掘出来的定陵.每一座皇陵都有一座地下宫殿,但是发掘出来的只有定陵这一个.游人进入陵园,首先会对排列在马路两侧的18对石人和石兽感到兴趣.
这些巨大的石人、石兽,雕工精细,造型生动,是珍贵的古代艺术.它们表示皇帝死后也要和生前一样主宰一切.这些巨大的石雕,有的体积达30多立方米,是利用科天在路上泼水成冰,将雕像放在冰道上拖运到这里的.
规模宏伟的长陵长陵是明朝第三个皇帝明成祖朱棣的陵墓,主要建筑棱恩殿,和故宫中的太和殿一样大,总面积达1956平方米.它有一点比太和殿更突出,这就是它的柱、梁、檩、椽和檐头全部使用楠木,殿内的32根巨柱,都是用整根金丝楠木制成的.据说,当时光是从产地将这些巨大的楠木运到陵园,就用了五六年时间.这样粗大的楠木,这样宏伟的楠木建筑物,在全国,已是绝无仅的了,所以这个殿就是显得特别珍贵.
朱棣当了22年皇帝,在他称帝的第6年就开始营建陵墓,共用了5年.
富丽堂皇的定陵地下宫殿定陵是明神宗的陵墓.明神宗在位48年,是明朝当皇帝时间最长的一个.他的陵墓修了6年.据记载,共耗费白银800多万两,相当于当时两年全国田赋的收入.定陵的规模不如长陵,但是,它的建筑却比较精致.定陵的大部分地面建筑已经不存在了,只是明楼还完好.因为明楼全部是石筑戌,没有一根木料,所以它不但坚固,而且能防火.明楼的建筑也反映了当时高超的设计和施工水平.定陵的建筑水平可以从已发掘出的地宫看出来.富丽堂皇的定陵地下宫殿距地面27米,总面积为1195平方米,5个高大宽敞的殿堂全部是石结构,拱券式顶,没有一根梁柱.放置明神宗皇帝和两位皇后的棺椁的后殿,高达9.5米,长30.1米,宽9.1米,是最大的一个殿堂.在这里发掘出了3000多件随葬品,其中有金冠、金壶、金爵、凤冠等极其珍贵的文物.金冠是用金丝编制成的,冠顶盘有一对金龙.凤冠上镶有宝石100多块,珍珠5000多颗.游人们可以在定陵博物馆内看到这些珍宝.
昭陵在明十三陵中位居第九,是明朝第十二个皇帝和他的三个皇后的合葬墓,昭陵的建筑有其独特的地方.是明十三陵中地面建筑最完整,且最具代表性的陵寝建筑.

浣犺嚜宸辨參鎱㈡敼 .
Ming Ming Tombs located in Changping District of Beijing Tianshou foothills,East and West,North San Mianhuan Hill,is the world's more integrity and preservation of the emperor buried up to the tomb group.
闄靛尯area of about 120 square kilometers.The mountains,the Mausoleum of both surface water and mountain building,the layout solemn harmony.Yongle Emperor Zhu Di of the Changling Jianyu Ming Wing-lok 2007 (1409 AD),is the first tomb闄靛尯,Shoushan in the days before the main peak.
After construction of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Renzong Xianling,Xuanzong King Mausoleum,Yingzongyuling,Xianzongmaoling,Xiaozong Tailing,Kang Ling Wu-Tsung,Sejong Yongling,Muzongzhaoling,Shenzong Ding Ling,the first Zong Qing Tombs,Muzong,such as Germany Mausoleum 11 were located in Changling Tomb on both sides of the foot of the mountain.
闄靛尯up to seven kilometers of the central Changling Shinto (the ISF) and the Mausoleum of the same.
Chongzhen Di Zhu Ming Si from the seizure of the Mausoleum is the last one tomb,located in闄靛尯Xinan Yu,Princess of switching to grave,the first year-Shunzhi (Year 1644) before Ding Ling,and the construction of additional floor.
In addition,the Mausoleum of the region also has a seven graves Fei Ming Dynasty,the tomb of a eunuch,and had built a palace,Yuanyou,and other ancillary buildings,was built around 10 customs City.
Castle Peak surrounded here,beautiful scenery,in a radius of about 40 square kilometers of small basin,Cuolayouzhi distribution of 13 emperors of the Ming Dynasty tomb,later known as the Ming Tombs.Now here has become a well-known to the world tour.
As the tomb area is too high,the general visitors a tour of the two main mausoleum,a building specifications is the most magnificent Zhang Ling,an underground palace was discovered by Ding Ling.Imperial Mausoleum every one has an underground palace,but only uncovered the Dingling this.Visitors enter the cemetery,first of all be arranged in 18 pairs on both sides of the road and Shishou Shirengou are interested.
These huge Shiren,Shishou,Diaogong Fine,modeling vivid,is precious ancient art.They also said that after the death of the emperor and his master all the same.These huge stone carving,and some volume of more than 30 cubic meters is the use of days by splashing water into ice on the road,the statue will be placed on ice to the Road haulage here.
Zhanglingchangling grand scale is the third Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle Emperor Zhu Di's tomb,the main construction Prism TU Hall,and the National Palace Museum in Taihe Dian like,a total area of 1,956 square meters.It is more prominent than the Taihe Dian,which is its columns,beams,PURLIN,Chuan and Yantou all use nanmu,Diannei the 32 Juzhu,with the whole roots are made of wire nanmu.It is said that at that time just from the origin of these huge nanmu transported to the cemetery,spent 56 hours.This thick of nanmu,nanmu this magnificent building,in the country,is the only no,so this is the palace is particularly valuable.
When Zhu Di of the 22 emperors,he Cheng Di in the first six years of starting construction on the tomb,the sharing of five years.
Magnificent Ding Ling Ding Ling is the underground palace of the Ming tombs Shenzong.Ming Shenzong reign 48,the emperor of the Ming Dynasty when the longest one.He repair the tomb for six years.According to records,consuming a total of two silver over 800 million,equivalent to two years at the time of the Tianfu income.Ding Ling Zhang Ling as the size,but its construction is more refined.Dingling most of the ground building no longer exists,but also that the floor intact.Because that is all the stone floor,Xu,not a wood,so it not only strong but also fire.Ming House,the building was also reflected the high level of design and construction.Dingling level of the construction may have been excavated from the Degong seen.Ding Ling magnificent underground palace from the ground 27 meters,a total area of 1,195 square meters,five tall and spacious hall is all stone structure,Gongquan-top,not a column.Ming Emperor Shenzong and placed two of the coffin of the Queen's Houdian,as high as 9.5 meters,30.1 meters long,9.1 meters wide,is the largest of the palace.Here to explore the more than 3,000 pieces of funerary objects,including Golden Delicious,Jinhu,the Grand Mercure,Fengguan,such as an extremely valuable cultural relics.Golden Delicious is compiled by Watkins,the highest top-a pair of dragon.Fengguan on more than 100 pieces inlaid with precious stones,pearls more than 5,000 stars.Visitors can see these Dingling museum treasures.
Zhaoling in ninth place in the Ming Tombs,the 12th emperor of the Ming Dynasty and his three Queen He Zangmu,Zhaoling the building has its own unique place.Ming Ming Tombs in the ground is building the most complete and most representative of Lingqin construction.