英文翻译,谢谢,9Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile del

英文翻译,谢谢,9
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control.Alltheories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employmentincreasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.

很多有关青少年犯罪（由年轻人犯下的罪行）成因的理论,要么就是关注于个体,要么就是社会作为主要起作用的的影响.关注个体的理论认为孩子们参加犯罪行为是因为他们没有为先前的犯罪得到足够的处罚,或是由于同其他人的互动学会了犯罪行为.关注社会角色的理论认为,青少年犯罪是对由于他们无法提高他们的社会经济地位或是对中产阶级价值观的反抗.
青少年犯罪的大多数理论聚焦于来自弱势（贫困）家庭的孩子,忽略了来自富裕家庭的孩子也会犯罪,后者犯罪可能是由于缺乏适当的家长管理.然而,所有的理论都是探索性的并有待于证实（评论）.
社会结构的变化可能会间接地影响青少年犯罪率,例如：导致年轻人就业机会减少和总体上失业的上升会加大获得能赚钱的就业机会的难度,其结果就是这种不满反过来或导致更多的年轻人走向犯罪.