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【一千零一问】新3第8课:导读“she had to rely on whatever books【were】lying

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【一千零一问】新3第8课:导读“she had to rely on whatever books【were】lying around.
她只能依靠摆在她周围的任何的书籍.
请问:
词句中括弧中的were是不是不应该有?直接后面的lying现在分词做定语修饰books?而既然有了were就是个定语从句了 而它却缺少关系代词which?books在从句中做主语 所以关系代词是不能省略的呀
【一千零一问】新3第8课:导读“she had to rely on whatever books【were】lying
一种理解是 后置定语,另种which/that were 从句
再问: 后置定语的话 were不能用的吧?用了就是从句而不是短语了 因而必须用关系代词which了 难道导读真得错了?