on in for a等介词的使用方法

on in for a等介词的使用方法
小学五年级期末复习材料

ON
abbr.
1. =Old Norse 古挪威语
2. =Ontario
on
KK: []
DJ: []
prep.
1. 在...上
He laid a hand on my shoulder.
他把一只手放在我肩上。
2. 以...支持,挂在...上;以...为轴
There is a picture on the wall.
墙上有一幅画。
3. 朝,向
4. 靠近,在...旁,沿着
She stood on my left.
她站在我左边。
5. 在...的时候,在...后立即
He jumped with joy on hearing the news.
他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。
6. 关于,有关
The teacher made comments on our compositions.
老师就我们的作文作了讲评。
7. 以...方式,通过
Did you hear it on the radio?
你是从收音机听到这消息的吗?
8. 凭...,靠...;使用...,吃...
They said they were acting on instructions.
他们说他们是奉命行事。
9. 处于...状态,进行中
10. 属于...,参加...,是...的成员
He is on the school volleyball team.
他是校排球队队员。
11. 加之于,重叠于
12. 由...支付
Have another coffee on me.
再来一杯咖啡,我请客。
13. 带在...身上
ad.
1. 继续
They talked on until midnight.
他们一直谈到深夜。
2. 向前
3. 穿上,盖上,连接上
It's cold today. Why don't you put your overcoat on?
今天很冷。为什么不把大衣穿上?
4. (机器)处于工作状态;开着;通着
He left the engine on while waiting for Joe.
他在等候乔时让汽车引擎开着。
5. 上演着;在进行中
a.[Z]
1. (机器等)工作着的,开着的
2. 正在上演的,在放映的
What's on for tonight at the cinema?
今晚电影院上映什么片子?
3. 在发生的,在进行的
The strike is still on.
现在仍在罢工。
4. 菜单上有的,供应的
I'd like to have some salmon if it is on.
如果有大马哈鱼供应,我想来一点。
5. 【俚】知情的
6. 【美】【俚】醉了的
in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别
1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如：
North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如：
They arrived at a house off the main road.
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别
1. at指时间表示：
（1）时间的一点、时刻等。如：
They came home at sunrise （at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn）.
（2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如：
He went home at Christmas （at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night）.
2. in指时间表示：
（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。如：
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc
（2）在一段时间之后。一般情况下，用于将来时，谓语动词为瞬间动词，意为“在……以后”。如：
He will arrive in two hours.
谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在……以内”。如：
These products will be produced in a month.
注意：after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后，但其后的时间是“一点”，而不是“一段”。如：
He will arrive after two o’clock.
3. on指时间表示：
（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、某节日、星期几等。如：
On Christmas Day（On May 4th）, there will be a celebration.
（2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如：
He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.
（3）准时，按时。如：
If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.
4. by指时间表示：
（1）不迟于，在（某时）前。如：
He will come by six o’clock.
Jack had made some friends by the time you came.
（2）在……间，在……的时候。如：
He worked by day and slept by night.
5. through指时间意为“从……开始到结束”，此时与throughout相同。如：
We work hard all through the year.
at, in和on表示地点时的区别
1. at表示地点：
（1）用于指较小的地方。如：
I shall wait for you at the station.
（2）用于门牌号码前。如：
He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
2. in表示地点：
（1）用于指较大的地方。如：
He lives in Shanghai.
（2）虽然是很小的地方，如果说话人住在那里，也可用in。商店、学校、机关等，若看作一个地点（point）用at，若看作一个场所（place）用in。如：
I met him at the post-office.
I’m now working in the post-office.
3. on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在……上；在……旁”。如：
The picture was hanging on the wall.
New York is on the Hudson River.
above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1. above指“……上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。如：
We’re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。如：
The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。如：
There is a map on the wall.
The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
4. up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如：
Please hang the picture up.
in是介词，介词后面必须接名词，代词或者动名词，即doing。
这是介词的一个特点，当介词in单独使用时，或者与其它动词构成固定搭配时，都不能脱离其作为介词的特点。
in 常用意思：在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。
He was born in 1992. 他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少。
The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
一些与介词in的固定搭配，供参考：
表示时间
in 1999, in 20 century, in a flash(瞬时), in a lucky hour(在幸运时刻), in a minute, in a second, in a short time, in a while, in a wink(一瞬间) in advance(预先), in an emergency(在紧急地时候), in an evil hour(在不幸地时刻), in an instant, in ancient times, in broad day(在大白天), in course of, (在…期间), in December, in due course(及时地), in future, in good season(及时地), in no time(马上), in one”s childhood, in one”s spare time, in one”s teens, in one”s youth, in recent years, in season(适时), in seconds(在很短的时间), in some cases(有时候), in spring, in the afternoon, in the beginning, in the daytime, in the end, in the evening, in the future, in the long run(最后), in the meantime, in the morning, in the nick of time(在紧急关头), in the night, in the past, in the thick of (在最激烈的时刻), in the thick of(在最激烈的时刻), in this period, in those days, in time of war, in time，
表示地点
in a car, in a queue, in advance of (在…前面), in all the direction, in appearance, in corners(在角落里) in doors, in front (of), in good light(在光线好的地方), in heaven, in place(position)(在适当地位置), in places(处处), in port(在港内), in public places, in shore(靠岸), in society, in the air(在空中) in the bank, in the book(书的内容里), in the centre(在中央), in the countryside, in the distance(在远处那边), in the east of(在…东部) in the east, in the fields, in the film, in the front rank(在前列), in the front row, in the lab, in the letter(信的内容), in the middle of, in the moonlight, in the newspaper(报纸的内容里), in the open air(在户外), in the open(在野外), in the picture, in the rain, in the room, in the shade of, in the sky, in the suburbs of, in the sunshine, in the tree, in the universe, in the vicinity of(在附近), in the warm(在暖和的地方) in the world, in(on) the bus, in(on) the street,
表示状态
in progress(在进行中), in a dilemma(处于进退两难的境地), in a hurry, in a tight corner(处于困难中), in action(在行动中), in an emergency, (处于紧急情况中), in anxiety, in astonishment, in bad mood(心情不好), in bad temper(心情不好，生气), in bed, in blossom(bloom) (在开花 ), in bonds(在拘留中), in chains(在囚禁中), in charge(看管), in church, in class, in collision(在冲突中), in commission (在服役), in condition(健康情况良好), in confusion (在混乱中), in control (of), in court(出庭), in custody(拘留), in danger, in debt(负债) , in deep water(s)(处于困境), in demand(有需求) in despair, in difficult, in dispute(在争论), in doubt, in employment, in exile(在流放), in fear and trembling(提心吊胆), in flight(飞行), in flood, in full blossom(开着花), in good condition, in good health, in high spirits, in horror, in hospital, in isolation. in love, in

motion, in need (of) in operation(在运转), in order(状态良好), in panic, in peace(平安)(at peace和平), in peril(处于危险), in place, in power, in practice(在实践中), in preparation, in process(在进行中), in production, in progress(前进，进行中), in pursuit(在追赶中), in question(正被讨论), in rehearsal(在彩排), in retirement(退休), in retreat(在撤退) in sail(张着帆) in secret, in service, in session(在会议中), in short supply, in silence, in sorrow, in stock(有库存) in store(储藏着) in succession, in surprise, in suspension(悬浮中) in tears(流着泪) in the field(在作战), in the press(在印刷), in the red(负债), in the same boat(处境相同), in the works(在计划中), in thought, in trade, in triumph, in trouble, in use, in view(被考虑), in wonder, in work(有工作), in work, in(at) college, in(at) school, in(at) university,

for有很多种用法：
1. 表示“当作、作为”。如:
I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。
What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?
2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:
Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。
Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。
Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。
3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:
Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。
4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。
We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。
5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:
Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。
I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。
6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如:
It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。
Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。
7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如:
Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?
8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:
Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?
For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
最佳答案不定冠词的基本用法
（1） 不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant
（2） 用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如：
A teacher is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
（3）不定冠词含有“—”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里边一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，例如：
—— An orange is good for you. 桔子对你有好处。
—— How much is it ? 多少钱？
——Two yuan a kilo. 二元一公斤。
（4）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：
Bill is a student.
Pass me an apple, please.
例外：I have never seen such a fine film.
（5）用在某些固定词组中。例如：
a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little