such as怎么用

such as怎么用

一、such as 的七个用法
1. 表示举例,意为“例如,诸如此类的,像……那样的”,相当于like或for example.如：
There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了.
Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such as “quickly” in “she ran fast”. 副词用来修饰动词,例如“她跑得快”中的“快”.
Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter,finding food wherever they can . 像兔和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的,它们到处寻找食物.
用于此义时的几点说明：
(1) 这类结构既可表现为“名词+such as+例子”,也可表现为“such+名词+as+例子”.如：
I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one. 我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌.
(2) 若后接动词,通常用动名词,有时也可用动词原形.如：
Don’t do anything silly such as marry him. 不要做什么蠢事,比如说去嫁给他.
Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat. 魔术师常常变从帽子里抓出兔子的戏法.
(3) 不要按汉语意思将such as用作such like.
(4) 其后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西.如：
正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言,如日语、英语.
误：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言,如汉语、法语、日语和英语.
(5) 在现代英语中,such as可与etc. 连用.如：
They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers,etc. 他们种了许多种花,如玫瑰花、向日葵等.
They export a 1ot of fruits,such as oranges,lemons,etc. 他们出口许多水果,如桔子、柠檬等.
2. 表示“像……这样的”,其中的 as 用作关系代词,引导定语从句,as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语.此外,不要按汉语意思把该结构中的 as 换成like.如：
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻.
Such men as he (is) are rare now. 现在像他这样的人很少了.
3. 表示“凡是……的人(或事物)”、“所有……的人(事物)”,其意相当于 everything that, all those, those that (who)等.其中的 such 为先行词,as 为关系代词.如：
Take such (things) as you need. 你需要什么就拿什么.
You may choose such as you prefer. 你可挑选自己想要的东西.
Such (people) as have knowledge and skill will not want to work. 有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作.
4. 有时 such as 整个儿用作关系代词,用以引导定语从句.如：
We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会.
Then I left it,feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before. 然后我离开那里,心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情.
5. 用于 such…as to do sth,表示结果,其中的such为限定语,as to do sth 表示结果.如：
It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house. 声音很大,屋里的所有人都被吵醒了.
You shouldn’t put such high prices as to frighten your customers off. 你不应该要价这么高,以致把顾客都吓跑了.
6. 用于such as to do sth,表示程度或结果.其中的such是代词,as to do sth引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语.如：
Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病不是很重,不必担心.
The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼,但还不至于不能行走.
7. 用于such as it is构成习语,表示让步,意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一定正确”“尽管没什么价值或重要性”.如：
The food, such as it is, is plentiful. 食物不是很好,但量很多.
You may use my bike, such as it is. 尽管我的自行车不好,你可以将就着用吧.
You’re welcome to join us for supper, such as it is—we’re only having soup and bread. 欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭,只是没什么好吃的——只有汤和面包.
二、such as 与其他相似结构的区别
1. such…as与such…that
前者用于引导定语从句,后者用于引导结果状语从句.如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事.
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. 天气很冷,街上没有一个人.
试比较：
He is such a good teacher as we all respect. 他是一位我们大家都尊敬的好老师.(as引导的是定语从句,as 在该定语从句中用作respect的宾语)
He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. 他是那样一位好老师,以致于我们大家都尊敬他.(that 引导的是结果状语从句,that在该状语从句中不充当句子成分,另外注意句中的respect带有宾语him)
2. such as 与 as such
两者词序相反,意义区别也很大,后者有两个主要意思：
(1) 表示“按照某词通用的词义”“根据某词严格的词义”.如：
It’s not an agreement as such, but it will have virtually the same effect as one. 就协议的词义而言,它算不上是协定,但实际上起到了协定的作用.
I can’t call my book a best seller as such but it’s very popular. 我不敢说我的书是畅销书,但可以说很受欢迎.
(2) 表示“就本身而论”.如：
Money as such will seldom bring happiness. 金钱本身很少带来幸福.
Money, as such, does not bring happiness. 金钱本身并不给人带来快乐.
(3) 表示“以某种身份(或资格)”“像所指的人(或事物)那样”.如：
She is a kind woman and is known as such. 她是位好心肠的女人,这是大家知道的.
He is the author of the article, but he does not desire to be known as such. 他是文章的作者,但他不想让人知道他是作者.