英语翻译BackgroundUnder conditions of salt stress,plants respond

英语翻译
Background
Under conditions of salt stress,plants respond by activat-
ing phosphorylation cascades.For example,the salt overly
sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway is known to be
involved in stress tolerance in plants [1].Microarray has
long been utilized in transcriptome-based studies to iden-
tify salt-induced genes in plants [2-6].In addition,mass
spectrometry-based proteomic studies have also identi-
fied salt-induced proteins in plants [7-11].Both tools pro-
vide efficient ways to identify genes or proteins responsive
to salt stress.However,the unique protein phosphoryla-
tion sites required for the plant response to salt stress have
not been well characterized.
Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used to identify protein
phosphorylation sites [12].Although mass spectrometry
coupled with database mining has become a commonly
used tool for protein identification,its application to
analysis of protein phosphorylation site identification is
still far from routine work.Characterization of phosphor-
ylation sites has proven difficult due to both the low
abundance of phosphoproteins in living organisms and
the suppression phenomenon of phosphopeptides that
occurs during MS analysis.Enrichment of phosphopep-
tides that are low in abundance can circumvent the signal
suppression effect caused by nonphosphorylated pep-
tides,allowing for enhanced detection of phosphopep-
tides by MS.Immobilized metal ion affinity
chromatography (IMAC) is a common separation plat-
form used prior to MS analysis for large scale identifica-
tion of protein phosphorylation sites from complex
samples [13].Typically,phosphopeptides are bound by
immobilized metal ions through metal-phosphate affin-
ity interactions,and nonphosphorylated peptides are
removed by washing.The phosphopeptides can then be
released from the solid support by phosphate or alkaline
elution.

背景
盐胁迫条件下,植物响应的激活
荷兰国际集团磷酸化级联.例如,过度的盐
敏感（SOS）的信号转导通路被称为是
在植物的胁迫耐性相关[1].芯片有
长期以来一直应用在转录为基础的研究,以iDEN的,
tify植物盐诱导基因[2-6].此外,大众
质谱为基础的蛋白质组学研究也鉴定出,
田间盐诱导植物蛋白[7-11].这两种工具亲
韦迪有效的方法来确定基因或蛋白质反应
对盐胁迫的.然而,独特的蛋白磷酸化,
为植物对盐胁迫的反应需要tion遗址
没有得到很好的特点.
质谱（MS）是广泛用于识别蛋白质
磷酸化位点[12].虽然质谱
加上与数据库挖掘,已成为一种常用
蛋白质鉴定使用的工具,其应用
蛋白质磷酸化位点鉴定分析
还远远日常工作.表征荧光粉
ylation地点,已被证明困难,因为无论是低
磷酸化蛋白在生物丰度和
磷酸抑制的现象,
发生在MS分析.富集phosphopep -
潮汐是在低丰度的信号可以绕过
抑制效应及nonphosphorylated项目开发中心
潮汐,允许对phosphopep增强检测,
潮汐的硕士学位.固定化金属离子亲
层析（IMAC部分）是一种常见的分离平台,
形成之前使用MS分析大型identifica -
蛋白质磷酸化位点tion从复杂
样本[13].通常情况下,磷酸都受
通过金属固定化金属离子磷酸盐艾芬-
景军的相互作用,以及nonphosphorylated肽
被洗去.然后可以在磷酸
释放出的磷酸盐或碱性固体支持
洗脱.