英语文章翻译Macroeconomics is a sub-field of economics that examin

英语文章翻译
Macroeconomics is a sub-field of economics that examines the behavior of the economy as a whole, once all of the individual economic decisions of companies and industries have been summed. Economy-wide phenomena considered by macroeconomics include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and how it is affected by changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, and price levels. In contrast, microeconomics is the study of the economic behaviour and decision-making of individual consumers, firms, and industries. Macroeconomics can be used to analyze how to influence government policy goals such as economic growth, price stability, full employment and the attainment of a sustainable balance of payments. Macroeconomics is sometimes used to refer to a general approach to economic reasoning, which includes long term strategies and rational expectations in aggregate behavior. Until the 1930s most economic analysis did not separate out individual economics behavior from aggregate behavior. With the Great Depression of the 1930s, suffered throughout the developed world at the time, and the development of the concept of national income and product statistics, the field of macroeconomics began to expand. Particularly influential were the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, who formulated theories to try to explain the Great Depression. Before that time, comprehensive national accounts, as we know them today, did not exist . One of the challenges of economics has been a struggle to reconcile macroeconomic and microeconomic models. Starting in the 1950s, macroeconomists developed micro-based models of macroeconomic behavior (such as the consumption function). Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen developed the first comprehensive national macroeconomic model, which he first built for the Netherlands and later applied to the United States and the United Kingdom after World War II. The first global macroeconomic model, Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates LINK project, was initiated by Lawrence Klein and was mentioned in his citation for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1980. Theorists such as Robert Lucas Jr suggested (in the 1970s) that at least some traditional Keynesian (after British economist John Maynard Keynes) macroeconomic models were questionable as they were not derived from assumptions about individual behavior, although it was not clear whether the failures were in microeconomic assumptions or in macroeconomic models. However, New Keynesian macroeconomics has generally presented microeconomic models to shore up their macroeconomic theorizing, and some Keynesians have contested the idea that microeconomic foundations are essential, if the model is analytically useful. An analogy might be that the fact that quantum phisics is not fully consistent with relativity theory doesn

宏观经济学是经济学的经济的作为一个整体,检查行为,一旦所有的企业和行业的个别经济决定已经总结出的部分.考虑宏观经济学的整个经济现象包括国内生产总值 （GDP） 以及它如何受失业、 国民收入、 增长率,价格水平的变化.相比之下,微观经济学是研究的经济行为和个人消费者、 企业和行业的决策.宏观经济学可以用于分析如何影响政府的政策目标,如经济增长、 物价稳定、 充分就业和实现可持续平衡国际收支.宏观经济学是有时用来指经济的推理,包括长期战略和理性预期中聚集行为的一般做法.直到 20 世纪 30 年代大多数经济分析并不会分离出个人经济行为从聚合行为.在整个发达世界遭受的国民收入和产品统计数字,概念的发展和时上,世纪 30 年代大萧条了宏观经济学领域开始展开.特别是影响了约翰凯恩斯理论,试图解释了大萧条,制定的想法.在此之前,全面的国民帐户,据我们所知,并不存在.协调宏观经济和微观经济模型的斗争以来所面临的经济挑战之一.从上世纪 50 年代开始,宏观经济学家开发出基于微模型的宏观经济行为 （如消费函数）.荷兰经济学家 Jan 亨开发第一综合国家宏观经济模型,而他第一次修为荷兰后二次世界大战,以后适用于美国和英国.第一个全球宏观经济模型,沃顿商学院计量经济预测将关联链接项目,由劳伦斯 · 克莱因发起和 1980 年诺贝尔经济学奖他引文中提到.如罗伯特 · 卢卡斯 Jr 理论家建议 （在 20 世纪 70 年代） 至少一些传统的 （在英国经济学家约翰 · 梅纳德凯恩斯) 后凯恩斯主义宏观经济模型是值得怀疑,他们不从个体行为,假设虽然还不清楚是否失败是微观经济假设中或在宏观经济模型.但是,来支撑其宏观经济理论的微观经济模型通常带来新凯恩斯主义宏观经济学和凯恩斯主义者的一些有争议微观基础是必不可少的如果模型分析有用的想法.类比可能是这一事实,量子问题的解题并非与相对论理论并不完全一致
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