大师作文网怎样做好英语的完形填空?做完形填空时有不认识的词怎么办?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：综合作业 时间：2024/11/10 14:09:55
怎样做好英语的完形填空?做完形填空时有不认识的词怎么办?
完形填空属“综合能力应用”题型,是高考的必考题型.完形填空在高考试卷中是拉开考生得分的一道关键题型.该题型为20个空,分数为30分,分数权重占卷面20%,因此掌握完形填空解题技巧对考生而言尤为重要.
命题特点：非等距离挖空的命题方式是完形填空的最大特色.短文首句不挖空,以便为考生理解全文留下足够信息,命题者根据考查目的进行挖空,造成信息链中断,这就要求考生依据上下文的文意捕捉到空白处的缺词.从近几年高考完形填空题看,纯语法知识几乎不考,主要考查考生灵活运用所学词汇的能力,尤其是以考查实词或信息词为主,着重考查考生对文章的内在逻辑和整体把握能力.因此,把握句间和段落之间的内在逻辑关系,通过上下文暗示,对篇章、段落或句意的整体把握；再则,干扰项的设置与语法结构无甚关系,重在文意干扰.因此,把握文意和具体语境,通过对词义的辨析,是解完形填空的最好手段.
解题技巧：巧解完形填空题,考生必须进行通篇考虑,掌握大意,综合所学词法、句法和常识进行分析判断.为帮助考生能更好地解答完形填空题,在这里介绍几种解题技巧.
1. 复现解题法：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式.这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力.
1）In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering.
21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen
22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【21. C项,同义原词的复现；22. B项,异形近义词的复现】
2. 语法结构法： 这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点.
3. 语境信息解题法：这类题主要是通过短文中上下语境所透露的信息进行解题,首先要正确理解所给信息,在进行合理分析和推断,这种语境信息一定要遵循逻辑概念,符合运动规律,时态的交替,以及特殊场合下的应急合理判断.
4. 固定搭配解题法：这类题与语法结构题有点类似,但主要惯用搭配,讲究词与词的搭配,涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等.
9) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I __28__ until the day he graduated.
28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued
【28. D项.由句意可知,“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条,但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止.”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题,其结构为not…until,但句中没有否定副词not,再则,若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用,故不合题意；C项的followed应为及物动词,后面需加宾语方可,再则followed在此有歧义,也不合题意,由于continue是延续性动词,所以,无需否定副词,在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用.】
10) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing
【30. D项.大学毕业之后,又实习了两个学期,最后在萨克拉门托做一名技术助理.这儿指完成实习,故惟有completing符合题意.】
11) As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she'd continue to try to __32__ at her new school. She wasn't sure if she'd succeed, but she knew she had to try.
32. A. fit in B. look out C. stay up D. get around
【32. A项.从上下文看,Jenna从初中进入高中之后碰到一系列挫折之后,发现自己应该要努力适应新学校的环境.此处的意思为“适应”,而固定搭配fit in短语正有此意.】
5. 逻辑语气解题法：这类题主要是通过分了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后,再分析句子与句子之间的关系,段落与段落之间的关系来解题.这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等.这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语.
12) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __40__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
40. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【40. B项.从整篇文章来看,在这儿只是一个转折语气,表示在前一个星期的顺利,在这一天却遇到了一些麻烦.Therefore是递进语气,finally也属递进语气,但表示是最后一步的语气,多指结论性的行为,不符合题意；otherwise虽属转折语气,但多为推断或假设否定语气,而本文所叙述的是真实事例的呈现,所以,惟有however符合题意.】
13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and __31__, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly
【31. B项.有上文及全句的意思可知,在这儿是作者六年求学和工作的最后一个环节,表示毕业之后找到了一份工作,从预期上讲,应该是结论性的,所以,惟有finally符合题意.】
14) Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout results at other players or cheer when their children behave aggressively. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. __59__, the media makes violence seem exciting. …
59. A. By account B. In addition C. As a result D. After all
【59. B项.从上下文可知,媒体的报道对体育运动暴力的宣扬,让孩子觉得非常刺激,上半句说明父母和教练对孩子的影响,在此,又特别强调媒体尤其到了推波助澜的作用,这儿的语气比前面as well引导的作用,是有过之而不及.所以,从四个选项看,惟有in addition符合题意.因为by account意为“相反地”；as a result意为“结果是”；after all意为“毕竟,终究”,它们均不符合题意.】
在进行有关逻辑语气题时,必须要符合原文的意思,要瞻前顾后,审慎分析,细心推断,密切注意相关连词的连用,注意语气的变化,应从细节着手.
再问： 有不会的单词怎么办？
再答： 有不会的单词尽量不要主动去查字典，要根据上下文的语境猜出意思来，另外，还要多读课外短文，增加自己的词汇量和语感。
命题特点：非等距离挖空的命题方式是完形填空的最大特色.短文首句不挖空,以便为考生理解全文留下足够信息,命题者根据考查目的进行挖空,造成信息链中断,这就要求考生依据上下文的文意捕捉到空白处的缺词.从近几年高考完形填空题看,纯语法知识几乎不考,主要考查考生灵活运用所学词汇的能力,尤其是以考查实词或信息词为主,着重考查考生对文章的内在逻辑和整体把握能力.因此,把握句间和段落之间的内在逻辑关系,通过上下文暗示,对篇章、段落或句意的整体把握；再则,干扰项的设置与语法结构无甚关系,重在文意干扰.因此,把握文意和具体语境,通过对词义的辨析,是解完形填空的最好手段.
解题技巧：巧解完形填空题,考生必须进行通篇考虑,掌握大意,综合所学词法、句法和常识进行分析判断.为帮助考生能更好地解答完形填空题,在这里介绍几种解题技巧.
1. 复现解题法：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式.这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力.
1）In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering.
21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen
22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【21. C项,同义原词的复现；22. B项,异形近义词的复现】
2. 语法结构法： 这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点.
3. 语境信息解题法：这类题主要是通过短文中上下语境所透露的信息进行解题,首先要正确理解所给信息,在进行合理分析和推断,这种语境信息一定要遵循逻辑概念,符合运动规律,时态的交替,以及特殊场合下的应急合理判断.
4. 固定搭配解题法：这类题与语法结构题有点类似,但主要惯用搭配,讲究词与词的搭配,涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等.
9) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I __28__ until the day he graduated.
28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued
【28. D项.由句意可知,“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条,但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止.”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题,其结构为not…until,但句中没有否定副词not,再则,若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用,故不合题意；C项的followed应为及物动词,后面需加宾语方可,再则followed在此有歧义,也不合题意,由于continue是延续性动词,所以,无需否定副词,在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用.】
10) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing
【30. D项.大学毕业之后,又实习了两个学期,最后在萨克拉门托做一名技术助理.这儿指完成实习,故惟有completing符合题意.】
11) As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she'd continue to try to __32__ at her new school. She wasn't sure if she'd succeed, but she knew she had to try.
32. A. fit in B. look out C. stay up D. get around
【32. A项.从上下文看,Jenna从初中进入高中之后碰到一系列挫折之后,发现自己应该要努力适应新学校的环境.此处的意思为“适应”,而固定搭配fit in短语正有此意.】
5. 逻辑语气解题法：这类题主要是通过分了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后,再分析句子与句子之间的关系,段落与段落之间的关系来解题.这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等.这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语.
12) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __40__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
40. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【40. B项.从整篇文章来看,在这儿只是一个转折语气,表示在前一个星期的顺利,在这一天却遇到了一些麻烦.Therefore是递进语气,finally也属递进语气,但表示是最后一步的语气,多指结论性的行为,不符合题意；otherwise虽属转折语气,但多为推断或假设否定语气,而本文所叙述的是真实事例的呈现,所以,惟有however符合题意.】
13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and __31__, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly
【31. B项.有上文及全句的意思可知,在这儿是作者六年求学和工作的最后一个环节,表示毕业之后找到了一份工作,从预期上讲,应该是结论性的,所以,惟有finally符合题意.】
14) Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout results at other players or cheer when their children behave aggressively. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. __59__, the media makes violence seem exciting. …
59. A. By account B. In addition C. As a result D. After all
【59. B项.从上下文可知,媒体的报道对体育运动暴力的宣扬,让孩子觉得非常刺激,上半句说明父母和教练对孩子的影响,在此,又特别强调媒体尤其到了推波助澜的作用,这儿的语气比前面as well引导的作用,是有过之而不及.所以,从四个选项看,惟有in addition符合题意.因为by account意为“相反地”；as a result意为“结果是”；after all意为“毕竟,终究”,它们均不符合题意.】
在进行有关逻辑语气题时,必须要符合原文的意思,要瞻前顾后,审慎分析,细心推断,密切注意相关连词的连用,注意语气的变化,应从细节着手.
再问： 有不会的单词怎么办？
再答： 有不会的单词尽量不要主动去查字典，要根据上下文的语境猜出意思来，另外，还要多读课外短文，增加自己的词汇量和语感。