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什么是宾语从句和定语从句呢?怎么区分啊
语法(辨析)
解题思路: 辨析
解题过程:
宾语从句做谓语动词的宾语。如:
Do you know where he lives? where he lives做动词know 的宾语.
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,最为常用。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语、介词宾语以及某些形容词内容上的宾语。宾语从句常用下列词引导:从属连词that, whether, as if;连接副词when, where, how 及其短语;连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which。
例如:“ We'll show you whose order it is, ”said the guard.
          动词宾语
卫兵说,“ 我们会向你说明这是给谁的命令。”
The thief stood quite still, except that his lips moved a little.
               介词宾语
小偷一动不动地站在那儿,只有他的嘴唇偶尔动几下。
Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing.
             形容词宾语      动词宾语
人人都害怕有人会发现他什么都看不见。
正确应用宾语从句,应注意下列问题:
① 所有宾语从句都应使用陈述句语序。
例如:Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道冬天比夏天冷的原因吗?
② 引导宾语从句的连词that 在一般情况下可以省略。
例如:Do you think ( that ) my clothes fit well?
你认为我的衣服很合适吗?
③ 正确使用if 或whether 引导宾语从句。
[ 说明 ] A:if 和whether 引导宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether 常和or not连用。
    B:如果宾语从句是否定句时,宾语从句应用if 引导。
    C:用if 引导宾语从句,如果会引起歧义时,应使用whether。
例如:Please let me know if you want to go.(if 从句既可理解为宾语从句,又可理解为条件状语从句,会引起歧义。)
应使用:Please let me know whether you want to go.如果你想走,请告诉我。
     D:介词的宾语从句不使用if引导,要用whether引导。
④ 学好what从句
[ 说明 ] what用作名词性关系代词,相当于 the thing(s) which 或 all that,作“所……的”.
例如: What I am not quite clear about is what he said at the beginning. 我不十分清楚的是他在开始说的内容。
⑤ 注意主从句间谓语动词时态的搭配。
[ 说明 ]主从句间谓语动词时态的搭配的一般原则是:主句为一般现在时,宾语从句可选用适当的时态;主句为一般过去时,宾语从句应选用过去时态。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰名词或代词,被修饰的名词或代词称之为“先行词”。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)或关系副词(when, where)引出。如:
我们昨天遇见的人 the man who we met yesterday / 她煮的面条 the noodles that she cooked / 他工作的商店 the shop where he works / 字写得好的那个学生 the student whose handwriting is good / 我们出发的日期 the date on which we will set out
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语,不可省略)/ He is the man whom/that/who I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that/who在从句中作宾语,可省略)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.  那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮那个车坏了的人的忙。(whose用作定语)Have you found the tape-recorder which/that was made in Japan? (which/ that在从句中作主语,所代替的先行词是物,不可省略) The book which/that you bought yesterday is now on the table. 你昨天买的书现在桌上。(which/ that在从句中作宾语,可省略)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。Do you still remember the day when you joined the League? 你还记得你入团的那一天吗?Nanjing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
先行词后也可用介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,但需注意:①介词后面的关系词不能省略。②介词后面不可用that ③某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 也可说This is the house where I lived two years ago./ Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 也可说 Do you remember the day when you joined our club? / The reason for which he was late is still unknown. 也可说 The reason why he was late is still unknown.
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。对比:This is the village where I stayed last year. This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with them. I will never forget the days which/that I spent in the countryside.
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)



最终答案:略