by 1980 the bridge ________

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by 1980 the bridge ________
A.was completed
B.had been completed
C.has been completed
D.have been completed
by+时间点用什么时态
+时间段用什么时态

我认为,by后一般加时间点,表示“不迟于某时”,如I will finish the work by Friday.(最迟星期五我会完成工作）,而它很少加某个时间段（不代表无,至少我没碰见）,也不因后面是加时间点还是时间段来决定时态,它是这样的：如果by后加将来的时间（如上面一句）,则与将来时或将来完成时连用；若后跟过去的时间（如你问的问题）,则与过去完成时连用.所以答案选B.
再告诉你一点,它与before不同,by表示“不迟于某时”,包括“某时”,before表示“在某时之前”,不包括“某时”

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