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TPO18中的阅读一道题,it的指代问题

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TPO18中的阅读一道题,it的指代问题
The key factor in the success of these countries(along with high literacy,which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited.
这句话中的along with high literacy,which contributed to it怎么理解?it在这句话中指代什么?
TPO18中的阅读一道题,it的指代问题
which指代 因素 it 指代国人的高素质,指代along with high literacy
这些国家的成功关键因素(此因素正是促成了这些国家的高素质)是...
再问: along with high literacy怎么翻译? which指代的什么?
再答: 这些成功国家往往国民素质较高,而此较高的素质是归功于那些关键因素 我原先的解释是对的,修改后反而不对了 which 指代along with high literacy,这一句话,which做主语(这些成功国家往往国民素质较高),it指代因素
再问: 较高的素质是归功于那些关键因素? 我觉得是“较高的素质促成了这些因素”。
再答: 对,是促成 因为没用被动,所以不是归功于,是促成,主动