英语翻译Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry

英语翻译
Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that
another dog is getting a better deal,a new study has found.
The study looked
at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal
way.Friederike Range,a famous researcher,and her colleagues did a series of
experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw”.The
dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw,whether they got a reward
or not.
But that changed if they saw that another dog was being
rewarded with a piece of food,while they received nothing.The dogs hesitated
significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw.Eventually,the
unrewarded dogs stopped cooperating.
Researchers always assumed that only
humans pay close attention to unfairness.That changed in 2003 when Frans De
Waal,a professor of psychology,and a colleague named Sarah Brosnan did a
survey on monkeys.Monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a
piece of cucumber(黄瓜) in return.However,the monkeys would suddenly become
angry when receiving the piece of cucumber if they saw another monkey receive a
more delicious reward,such as a grape,for doing the same job.The monkey that
got the cucumber would eventually throw away the food and the rock,and would
later just stop performing.
In that experiment,the monkeys considered the
fairness of two different types of payment,but when Range and her colleagues
did a similar study with their trained dogs,testing to see if dogs would become
upset if they only got bread when other dogs received sausage,they found that
dogs did not make that kind of subtle (细微的) distinction.As long as the dogs got
some kind of food payment,even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind,they would
play along.

狗有公平的理解,如果他们觉得生气
另一只狗得到一个更好的交易,一个新的研究发现.
这项研究
在狗是如何反应时,一个同伴是在一个不平等的同样的伎俩,奖励
方法.弗里德里克范围,一个著名的研究者,和她的同事们做了一系列的
实验狗谁知道如何回应给爪子命令”.的
狗通常乐于反复给爪子,他们能否得到奖赏
或不.
但是,如果他们看到了另一只狗被
奖励一块食物,而他们没有收到.狗迟疑了
显着较长时,服从指挥给爪子.最终,该
狗不停的合作.
研究人员一直认为只有
人类关注的不公平.在2003改变时,弗兰斯
瓦尔,心理学教授,和同事莎拉-布鲁斯南做的
调查的猴子.猴子有一小岩的研究人员获得
黄瓜片（黄瓜）的回报.然而,猴子会突然变得
生气时,接收黄瓜片如果他们看见另一只猴子收到
更多美味的奖励,如葡萄,做同样的工作.猴子
把黄瓜最终会扔掉的食物和岩石,并将
后来就停止执行.
在这个实验中,猴子被认为是
对两种不同的支付形式,公平,但当范围和她的同事
他们训练狗类似的研究,测试是否会成为狗
如果他们只有面包当狗接受香肠不安,他们发现
狗不会让这种微妙的（细微的）的区别.只要狗了
一种食品的支付,即使它不是最可口的种类,他们会
一起玩.
狗有公平竞争的理解,并成为愤怒,如果他们觉得
另一只狗是得到一个更好的交易,一项新的研究发现.
该研究评估了
在当同伴奖励同样的伎俩在一个不平等的狗如何应对
方法. FRIEDERIKE范围,一个著名的研究人员,和她的同事做了一系列的
实验与狗谁知道如何响应命令“给爪子”.该
狗是常高兴地反复给爪子,它们是否得到了奖励
或没有.
但是,这改变,如果他们看到了另一条狗正在
奖励与一块食物,而他们什么也没有收到.狗犹豫
显著不再服从命令时给予的爪子.最终,本
不求回报的狗停止了合作.
研究人员一直认为,只有
人类密切关注的不公平.在2003年改变了,当弗兰斯·德
瓦尔,心理学教授,和一个叫萨拉·布鲁斯南的同事做了一个
调查的猴子.猴子只好手工小石头的研究人员获得
一片黄瓜（黄瓜）的回报.然而,猴子会突然变得
愤怒的接收黄瓜片的时候,如果他们看到另一只猴子收到
更好吃的奖励,如葡萄,做同样的工作.猴子说
得到的黄瓜最终扔掉的食物和岩石,并会
后来就停止执行.
在该实验中,猴子考虑
公平性两种不同的付款方式,但是当范围和她的同事
做了类似的研究,他们受过训练的狗,测试,看看狗将成为
心烦,如果他们只拿到了面包当其他的狗收到香肠,他们发现,
狗没有做出那种微妙的（细微的）差别.只要得到了狗
某种食物付款,即使它不是最美味的善良,他们会
一起玩.