英语翻译The role of our mother tongue in second language learnin

英语翻译
The role of our mother tongue in second language learning has long been a controversial issue.However,mother tongue influences can be easily traced in all aspects of second language learners' inter-language.
Foreign language teaching proceeds when the learner already masters his mother tongue.Therefore,both in the foreign language teaching theory and in the foreign language teaching practice,the influence of the learner's mother tongue is an unavoidable factor.
As a tool to know the world,every language stands for an approach to perceive the world.Learning a language means learning another approach to perceive the world.The system of the lexical structure and semantic structure of a language reflects the approach in which the language community knows the world and the orbits in which history and culture develop.So,foreign language acquisition is a very complex psychological process.
For the learners who have already mastered the basic lexical items and basic grammatical structures of a language,foreign language learning is proceeding on the basis of the existing linguistic knowledge (of the mother tongue,of general learning strategies,or of the universal properties of language).Consequently,the grammatical and semantic knowledge of the mother tongue will have definite effects on the learning of the grammatical and semantic structures of the second language.In addition,different nations have different communicative ways and discourse structures,which by every means,are sure to influence the new communicative ways and discourse structures on different occasions and to different degrees.
During the period of storing newly learnt ideas in memory,on the one hand,based on the established knowledge,the newly learnt ideas will be restructured when they are drawn on.On the other hand,once the newly learnt ideas become part of the existing linguistic knowledge,they will lead to the restructure of the existing knowledge structure and will be attributive to the future learning of the new knowledge.Therefore,the process of foreign language learning is a process of restructure of knowledge structure as well as the draws-on of new message.Restructure is in effect the recreation.The learner is active during self-monitoring his language behavior.In the process of the second language learning,the learner is actively engaged in both sorting the second language data into a form in which it can be stored and making use of knowledge already in store.
In short,the learner's first language knowledge can serve as one of the inputs into the process of hypothesis generation.The learners process and use the second language on the basis of the first language.The effect of the mother tongue will manifest itself in the process of foreign language learning.Chinese students have no way to dismiss the effect of native language and culture when learning English.

我们的母语在第二外语学习中所扮演的角色一直是富有争议性的.但是,母语（对第二外语）产生的影响却是在所有第二外语学习者的各个方面中显而易见的.
当学习者已经掌握了自己的母语,那么此时外语教学是有优势的.因此,无论是在外语教学理论还是外语教学试验中,来自母语的影响都是不可避免的因素.
作为认知世界的一种工具,每一种语言都代表了一种去感知世界的途径.学习一种语言意味着学习另外一种感知世界的途径.一种语言的词法构成及其语义结构系统反映了这种语言使用群体摸索世界的途径和历史文化沿其发展的轨迹.所以,语言习得是以个非常复杂的心理过程.
对于已经熟练掌握一种语言基本的语义结构和语法项目的学习者来说,外语学习则是按照已有的语言知识展开的（（这种知识）或来自与母语,或来自于一般的学习技巧,或来自于对语言的普遍理解）.因此,母语的语义与语法结构对第二外语语义与语法结构的学习就产生了必然的影响.另外,不同的国家有不同的交际方式和言谈结构,而这些会在不同场合不同程度上对新的交际方式和言谈结构产生必然的影响.
在记忆存储新近学习内容时期,一方面,给予享有知识,新近学习的内容会在记忆时背重组.另一方面,一旦新近学习的内容成为已有语言知识的一部分,他们会造成已有知识结构的重组,还会被定性为未来要学习的新知识.因此,外语学习的过程是一个已有知识框架和新习得知识重组的过程.重组达到了再创造的效果.学习者在自我检测其语言学习成果时是积极主动的.在第二外语学习过程中,学习者会积极的忙于将第二外语的语言资料整理成型以便记忆和利用已有的知识（练习）.
总而言之,学习者的母语可以为输入释义的过程而服务.学习者的学习过程和运用第二外语的能力都基于其母语.母语的影响力会在第二外语的学习过程中得到显示.中国学生在学习英语的时候完全不必摒除本土语言和文化.
完全手工,绝非机译.