英语翻译本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790年)是18世纪美国的实业家、科学家、社会活动家、思想家和外交家． 他出身寒微

英语翻译
本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790年)是18世纪美国的实业家、科学家、社会活动家、思想家和外交家．
他出身寒微,10岁便辍学回家做工,12岁起在印刷所当学徒、帮工．但他刻苦好学,在掌握印刷技术之余,还广泛阅读文学、历史、哲学方面的著作,自学数学和4门外语,潜心练习写作,所有这一切为他在一生中取得多方面的成就打下了坚实的基础．
为了自立于当时的社会,他几经周折,创办了自己的企业——印刷所．由于吃苦耐劳,讲求信誉,注意经营管理,他不仅在印刷界激烈的竞争中站住了脚,并且把业务扩大到邻近几个州以及西印度群岛,成为北美洲印刷出版行业中的佼佼者．
他注意观察自然现象,研究科学问题．他从实践出发,从事科学实验和观察,在电学上解答了“电为何物”的问题,将不同状态下的电称为“正电”和“负电”,提出了电学中的“一流论”,在大气电学方面揭示了雷电现象的本质,被誉为“第二个普罗米修斯”．这些电学上划时代的研究成果使他成为蜚声世界的第一流的科学家．他在光学、热学、声学、数学、海洋学、植物学等方面也有研究,并有新式火炉、避雷针、电轮、三轮钟、双焦距眼镜、自动烤肉机、玻璃乐器、高架取书器、新式路灯等一系列发明创造．因而,他以仅读过两年小学的学历,被美国的哈佛大学、耶鲁大学,英国的牛津大学、爱丁堡大学、圣安德鲁大学等六七所大学授予硕士学位或博士学位．
富兰克林成名以后在北美殖民地的文化传播和社会福利方面做了大量的工作．他先后组织建立了“共读社”、“美洲哲学学会”、“北美科学促进会”、报社、图书馆、书店、医院、大学、消防队、地方民兵组织等学术、文化、医疗卫生、消防、治安组织和机构；他还改革了北美殖民地的邮政制度,建立起北美殖民地统一的邮政系统．他是杰出的社会活动家,成为北美殖民地有影响的人物．
他不仅善于解决自然科学里的专门问题和社会政治活动中的实际问题,还常常探索许多哲学问题和社会问题．他是自然神论者,认为精神依附于物质；他认为社会贫困的原因是劳动者必须养活寄生者；他酷爱自由和平,反对战争,痛恨种族歧视和奴隶制度,主张维护黑人和印第安人的利益．他是当时最渊博的资产阶级自由主义思想家之一．
富兰克林生活的时代正值美国从殖民地向独立的资产阶级国家迈进的重大转折时期,他积极投身革命运动,对独立战争的胜利和美国国家制度的初期建设作出了重大的贡献．

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Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was the 18th century American industrialists,scientists,social activist,thinker and a diplomat.He was born in humble,10-year-old drop-out home work,at the age of 12 as an apprentice printing,Helper.But he assiduously diligent in mastering printing technology,it also has extensive reading literature,history,philosophy works,self-study mathematics and four foreign languages,devoted himself to practice writing.All of this for the life he made many achievements have laid a solid foundation.To become a prevailing social,he repeated setbacks,founded their own business -- printing.As endured hardship,and stress credibility of management attention,not only in the printing industry,intense competition to get a foot.and to expand their operations to neighboring states and the West Indies and North America as the printing industry publication in the crowd.He attention to the observation of natural phenomena,science and research issues.He practical,to conduct scientific experiments and observations,the answer on the electric "-- the mass." will be under different conditions -- known as "Positive" and "negative",the Electricity of a "first class".Electrical connection in the atmosphere has revealed the nature of the lightning phenomenon,known as the "second Prometheus." Electrical epoch-making on these research results have made him famous world-class scientists.He optical,thermal,acoustic,mathematics,oceanography,botany and so on have also studied and a new stove,lightning -- round,3 bell,the two focal length glasses,barbecues automatic machine,glass instruments,elevated from No.device,a series of new streetlights inventions.Thus,he only read two primary qualifications,the United States,Harvard University,Yale University,Oxford University of Britain,Edinburgh University,the University of St.Andrews University awarded 67 master's degree or doctorate.Franklin fame colony in North America after the dissemination of culture and social welfare have done a lot of work.He established the "read" and the "American Philosophical Society," and "North American Association for the Advancement of Science",newspapers,libraries,bookstores,hospitals,universities,the Fire Brigade,the local militia organizations academic,cultural,health,fire,security organizations and institutions; He also reformed the North American colonial postal system,and set up a unified North American colonial postal system.He was an outstanding social activist,as the North American colonies influential figures.He not only excel at handling natural Lane specialized issues,and social and political activities for the practical problems,often explore many philosophical and social problems.He is Deistic that spirit depend on the material; He believed the causes of poverty social workers must feed is parasitic; He loves freedom,and peace,oppose war,hate the system of slavery and racial discrimination,black and in favor of safeguarding the interests of Indians.He was the most profound thinkers one of the bourgeois liberalism.Franklin living in an era when the United States from colonial to an independent bourgeois state into a major turning point.He actively join the revolutionary movement,the war of independence,and the United States victory in the initial phase of construction has made a significant contribution.