英语翻译The skin is an essential part of your body and its large

英语翻译
The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,poisons and the sun's harmful rays.The functions of your skin are also very complex:it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold,heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.So as you can imagine,if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a variety of things:hot liquids,steam,fire,radiation (by being close to high heat or fire,etc),the sun,electricity or chemicals.
Types of burns
There are three types of burns.Burns are called first,second or third degree burns,depending on
which layers of the skin are burned.
◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin.These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan,stove or iron for a mordent.
◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal.Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.
◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,burning clothes,or severe petrol fires.These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns
First degree burns
◎ dry,red and mildly swollen
◎ mildly painful
◎ turn white when pressed
Second degree burns
◎ rough,red and swollen
◎ blisters
◎ watery surface
◎ extremely painful
Third degree burns
◎ black and white and charred
◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.

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皮肤是人体的一个不可缺少的组成部分,也是人体最大的器官.人体的皮肤分为三层,作为阻隔病菌、有毒物质和太阳有害辐射的保护性屏障.皮肤的作用也是非常复杂的：保持人体的冷暖；防止散失过多的水分；感知冷、热、疼痛以及获得外部的触觉.所以你也就能够想象到,如果皮肤被灼伤（烧伤）,会是一件非常严重的事情.在对待灼伤（烧伤）时,急救是非常重要的第一步.
皮肤灼伤（烧伤）引起的原因
引起皮肤灼伤（烧伤）的物质有很多,例如热的液体、蒸汽,火,辐射（当接近于热源或者火源时）,太阳,电以及化学品.
皮肤灼伤（烧伤）的种类
共有3种,分别为一级、二级和三级.分类取决于皮肤灼伤（烧伤）的层数.
一级灼伤（烧伤）
仅仅影响到皮肤的最上层.这种伤害并不严重,通常一到两天就会见好.例如轻度的晒伤或者触碰到热锅、热炉等热的钢铁制品.
二级灼伤（烧伤）
伤及到皮肤的最上层和第二层.这种伤害以及很严重了,通常需要几个星期才能恢复.例如皮肤曝晒或者被热的液体烫伤.
三级灼伤（烧伤）
伤及到皮肤的全部三层以及皮下的组织或者器官.例如遭受电击灼伤,体表着衣起火或者遭受严重的汽油火灾.这类灼伤（烧伤）会引起严重的伤害,受害者须立即就医.
灼伤（烧伤）的特征
一级灼伤（烧伤）
皮肤 干燥、红肿或者轻度肿胀
轻度疼痛
挤压受伤处皮肤变白
二级灼伤（烧伤）
皮肤 粗糙、红肿或者肿胀
起水泡或者脓包
脓状表面
极度疼痛
三级灼伤（烧伤）
皮肤 发黑或者变白或者烧焦
脓肿；通常通过表皮能够看见皮下组织
无疼痛或者轻微疼痛（如果皮下神经组织已遭破坏）；受伤区域边缘可能会出现疼痛现象.