大师作文网英语中现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/10 22:16:32
英语中现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
请问现在完成时的动词是否是延续动词,而一般过去时是否是短暂动词?
那么,如何将短暂动词转成延续动词?英语中,简单来说那些是短暂动词?
请问现在完成时的动词是否是延续动词,而一般过去时是否是短暂动词?
那么,如何将短暂动词转成延续动词?英语中,简单来说那些是短暂动词?
现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系.动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态.其构成： have (has) +过去分词.
一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等.
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了.
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了.
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等.
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些.
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在.
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间.)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意： 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等.
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
英语中的动词有多种分类法.根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词.
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词,叫做“延续性动词”,也叫“持续性动词”,如：be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词,叫做“终止性动词”,也可叫“短暂性动词”,或“瞬间性动词”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰.
如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天.
在十多年的教学生涯中,发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措,下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法.
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语：
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
应改为: He returned from America two years ago.
2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词.
3．用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词.
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4．用延缓性动词代替终止性动词.
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但须注意：终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用.因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态.
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)
此外,终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同,很易混淆.下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳：
1. 在连词since引导的时间状语从句中, 用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时,其含义是大不相同的.
A. since所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是终止性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是从“那一时刻开始”.
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来校以来,一贯努力学习.
B. 在since所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是延缓性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的时间是从延缓性动词所表示的动作结束时算起.
eg. I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
自从我醒后,没听见任何声音.
2． 介词for引导的时间状语,在翻译时有两种不同的情况：
A．介词for引导的时间状语和延缓性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用时,有两种不同的含义.
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那儿已六个月了.（或： 他住在那儿还不到六个月.）
B．介词for引导的时间状语和终止性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用,只有一种含义.
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
玛丽已六个月没有离开过这儿了.
句中含有till 或until 引导的短语或从句,从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的,但要注意两种情况：
1. 如果主句中动词是延续性的动词,动词肯定或否定都可以,只是含义不同.
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他听无线电一直到他父亲回来为止.
eg. He didn’t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父亲回来,他才听无线电.
2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,则只能用否定式.
eg. Mr. Smith didn’t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五岁才结婚.
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)
把短暂性动词变成可延续性动词:
完成时中,终止性动词得变成延续性动词后,才能接for加时间段.
终止性动词与延续性动词变化:
begin/start-----be on
arrive/come-----be here/be in
buy---have
die----be dead
finish/end----be over
get to know----know
get up----be up
go out----be out
join---be in+组织名/be a +组织成员名
如:army军队----soldier士兵
leave/move----be away/be out of
borrow----keep
以上便是一些常用的变化方式.
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系.动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态.其构成： have (has) +过去分词.
一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等.
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了.
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了.
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等.
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些.
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在.
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间.)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意： 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等.
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
英语中的动词有多种分类法.根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词.
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词,叫做“延续性动词”,也叫“持续性动词”,如：be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词,叫做“终止性动词”,也可叫“短暂性动词”,或“瞬间性动词”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰.
如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天.
在十多年的教学生涯中,发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措,下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法.
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语：
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
应改为: He returned from America two years ago.
2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词.
3．用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词.
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4．用延缓性动词代替终止性动词.
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但须注意：终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用.因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态.
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)
此外,终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同,很易混淆.下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳：
1. 在连词since引导的时间状语从句中, 用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时,其含义是大不相同的.
A. since所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是终止性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是从“那一时刻开始”.
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来校以来,一贯努力学习.
B. 在since所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是延缓性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的时间是从延缓性动词所表示的动作结束时算起.
eg. I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
自从我醒后,没听见任何声音.
2． 介词for引导的时间状语,在翻译时有两种不同的情况：
A．介词for引导的时间状语和延缓性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用时,有两种不同的含义.
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那儿已六个月了.（或： 他住在那儿还不到六个月.）
B．介词for引导的时间状语和终止性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用,只有一种含义.
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
玛丽已六个月没有离开过这儿了.
句中含有till 或until 引导的短语或从句,从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的,但要注意两种情况：
1. 如果主句中动词是延续性的动词,动词肯定或否定都可以,只是含义不同.
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他听无线电一直到他父亲回来为止.
eg. He didn’t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父亲回来,他才听无线电.
2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,则只能用否定式.
eg. Mr. Smith didn’t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五岁才结婚.
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)
把短暂性动词变成可延续性动词:
完成时中,终止性动词得变成延续性动词后,才能接for加时间段.
终止性动词与延续性动词变化:
begin/start-----be on
arrive/come-----be here/be in
buy---have
die----be dead
finish/end----be over
get to know----know
get up----be up
go out----be out
join---be in+组织名/be a +组织成员名
如:army军队----soldier士兵
leave/move----be away/be out of
borrow----keep
以上便是一些常用的变化方式.