英语翻译中美文化差异对谈判的影响“全球经济一体化”已经成为当今商务领域中出现频率最高的词语.自加入WTO之后,中国的经济

英语翻译
中美文化差异对谈判的影响
“全球经济一体化”已经成为当今商务领域中出现频率最高的词语.自加入WTO之后,中国的经济在各个领域都取得了突飞猛进的发展.尤其是进入21世纪以来,中美两国的业务往来也出现了前所未有的增长,这两个贸易大国之间的商务活动自然而然的带动了其他国家和地区的商务沟通与文化交流.
（一） 文化差异对谈判影响的理论依据
文化是跨文化交际的根基,中美文化差异表现主要表现在语言沟通和非语言沟通等方面.由于中美两国文化差异对商务谈判的各个方面都有直接的影响,对文化差异缺乏敏感的人往往喜欢用自己的文化模式为依据来评价另一种文化中人们的行动、观点和风俗,这样就很有可能导致文化冲突.所以中美双方在商务谈判中很有必要加强对文化差异的敏感性,了解在语言沟通、非语言沟通和谈判风格上的差异.比如在语言交际方面,文化对语言交际的影响主要体现在不同文化中词的内涵意义和比喻意义不同；在非语言交际方面,对手势、面部表情、目光接触等行为的不同理解都会影响谈判；在谈判风格方面,从各个案例可见,中美谈判者对待人际关系的态度、决策方式、时间观念和对待冲突的态度都有所不同.
由于文化差异是客观存在的,所以发生一些文化冲突也是可以理解的,但是作为国际商务谈判的参与者,有必要了解文化差异以及这些差异对商务沟通的影响.第一部分中的几种文化差异对跨文化商务沟通的影响主要体现在以下两个方面：
(1)沟通过程.文化差异对谈判沟通过程的影响,不仅表现在语言沟通过程中,还表现在非语言沟通过程中.文化的差异会导致两国在形体和动作语言的运用上存在着巨大的差异,甚至,同样的言行举止会传递着截然不同的信息.另外,不同文化的人群往往是根据自己的偏好和习惯来进行沟通,而不顾及对方的文化模式,从而会对谈判的结果造成影响.
(2)道德与法制.中国文化习惯于从伦理道德上考虑问题；而美国人更多的是从法律上考虑问题.在中国,“中庸”思想决定了集体观念之上的理论,人们往往是通过舆论、组织等发挥作用来调整周围的纠纷事故；但是在美国,人们习惯用法律的手段,而不是靠舆论和道德的作用来维持秩序.这种影响作用在公司中最为常见,如果纠纷得不到充分的解决,可能会对公司的经营产生影响,最终可能就会涉及承担法律的问题.

Sino-US cultural differences on the impact of the negotiations
"Global economic integration" has become a business in the area of highest frequency words. Since joining the WTO, China's economy in various fields have made rapid development. Especially in the 21st century, China and the United States of doing business there have been unprecedented growth in the two big trading between the natural business of other countries and regions, business communication and cultural exchange.
(A) cultural differences affect the negotiations on the basis of the theory
Cultural cross-cultural communication is the foundation of Sino-US cultural differences in the performance of the main language of communication and non-verbal communication, and so on. China and the United States because of cultural differences on business negotiations on all aspects of the direct effects of a lack of sensitivity to cultural differences often like to use their own cultural model on the basis to evaluate other people's cultures, ideas and customs, This is likely to lead to a clash of cultures. Therefore, China and the United States in business negotiations, it is necessary to strengthen the cultural differences of sensitivity and understand the language of communication, non-verbal communication and negotiation style differences. For example, in the language of communication, culture, the language of communication is mainly reflected the impact of the different cultures in the meaning and connotation of the word meaning a different metaphor; in the non-verbal communication, on gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and other acts will be to understand the different effects of negotiations; In the style of negotiations, the case can be seen from the various Sino-US negotiations on the attitude of those who deal with human relations, decision-making, the concept of time and attitude towards the conflict is different.
Due to cultural differences is an objective reality, all that happens has a number of cultural conflict is understandable, but as an international business participants in the negotiations, it is necessary to understand these differences and the cultural differences of business communication. The first part of the cultural differences on several cross-cultural communication between the business impact in the following two aspects:
(1) of the communication process. Cultural differences in negotiations on the communication process, not only in the language of communication, but also in the process of non-verbal communication. Cultural differences in the two countries would lead to physical action and the use of language there are huge differences, and even the same behavior transmission will be a very different message. In addition, people of different cultures is often based on their preferences and habits to communicate, and not take into account each other's culture model, which will have an impact on the outcome of the negotiations.
(2) ethical and legal system. Chinese culture accustomed to from an ethical and moral issues to consider; and more Americans from the legal issues to consider. In China, the "golden mean" thinking of a collective decision on the theoretical concepts, often through the media, such as the role of the organization to adjust the dispute surrounding the accident; in the United States, however, it is customary to use legal means, rather than relying on public opinion and morality To the role of maintaining order. This influence in the company of the most common, if not fully resolve the dispute, could have an impact on the company's operating and eventually may be involved in the law to bear.