大师作文网请帮忙归纳一下高中人教版英语必修1Unit1语法点,
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请帮忙归纳一下高中人教版英语必修1Unit1语法点,
直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的话一般有两种形式.一种是引用原话,放于括号内,这便是直接引语；另一种是用自己的话进行转述,被转述的话不放于括号内,这就是间接引语.这两种引语主要作宾语.
1、直接引语变为间接引语的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时在人称、时态、状语、动词等方面需要根据具体的情景进行变化.
A． 人称变化
变为简介引语时,如果直接引语是第一人称,一般要变为与引述部分主语一致的人称；
第二人称变为与引述部分宾语一致的人称；
第三人称一般不作改变
“I’m going to invite all my friends to havea get-together”, Jane told me on the phone.
→ Jane told me on the phone that she was going to invite all herfriends to have a get-together.
“I’ll let you know as soon as Iget the tickets”, he told me.
→ He told me that he would let meknow as soon as he got the tickets.
He said, “Mary was here one week ago.”
→ He said that Mary was there one weekbefore.
B． 时态变化
如果主句是过去时态,直接引语变为间接引语时,间接引语的时态要相应向前推一个时态.
变化
例句
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时→
一般过去时
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary”, said Anne
Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
现在进行时→
过去进行时
He said, “I’m using the knife”.
He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时→
过去完成时
She said, “I have not heard from him since May”.
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时→
过去完成时
He said, “I saw her in the street”.
He said that he had seen her in the street.
过去完成时
不变
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper”.
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
一般将来时→
过去将来时
Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class”.
Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.
C． 指示代词、时间状语、方向性动词的变化
变化成分 引语
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
today
that day
this evening
that evening
yesterday
the day before
the previous day
yesterday morning
the morning before
last night
the night before
two days ago
two days before
next week
the next week
the following week
tomorrow
the next day
the following day
the day before
two days before
the day after tomorrow
in two days’ time
two days after
地点状语
here
there
方向性动词
bring
Take
come
go
情态动词
can
could
must
had to; must
will
would
shall
should
may
might
eg.Jack said, “I have been workingherefor a dozen years”.
→ Jack said he had been working there a dozen years.
Theteacher said, “Please bring all the books downstairs up here .
→ The teacher asked the students to take all thebooks downstairs upthere.
2、各种句式的转换
A． 陈述句
陈述句转换为间接引语时用that引导,也可省略that,主句引述动词主要为say,tell, repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等.
eg. The doctor said, “You should take plenty ofwater and eat more vegetables”.
→ The doctortold me that I should take plenty of water and eat morevegetables.
B． 疑问句
a. 由疑问句转变而来的间接引语必须用陈述句语序,句尾用句号.
b. 主句引述动词是say时,要改为ask或是wonder等.
c. 直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句,须改为if/whether引导的宾语从句；
选择疑问句须用whether…or…;
特殊疑问句用原疑问词作连接词引导.
eg. He said, “Do all of youbuy presents on Christmas Day?”
→ He asked whether/ifall of us brought presents on Christmas Day.
He asked, “You are interested incomputer studies, aren’t you?”
→ He asked me whether/ if Iwas interested in computer studies.
I asked Sally, “Will you staywith me or go by yourself on a picnic?”
→ I asked Sally whethershe would stay with me or goby herself on a picnic.
“What are your parents and wheredo they live?” the policeman asked me.
→ The policeman asked what myparents were and where they lived.
C． 祈使句
a. 祈使句变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变为不定式,作宾语补足语；
主句引述动词say须改为ask, tell, order, beg,warn, advise等表示“祈求、命令”的动词,否定句需要在不定式前面加上not
b. 表示建议的祈使句需要改为suggest/advise that…+(should)…结构
eg. “Come in and sit down,please!” she said to us.
→ She told/ asked us to come inand sit down.
“Don’t be nervous, John,” one ofthem said.
→ One of them told John not tobe so nervous.
“Try one more time and see whatwill happen,”the teacher said.
→ The teacher advised that theyshould try one more time and see what would happen.
D． 感叹句
感叹句变为间接引语时可用what/ how引导,也可用that引导
eg. “What a lovely day itis!” they all shouted.
→ They all said what / howa lovely day it was.
They all said that it was a lovely day.
3、时态不需要变化的情况
A. 直接引语有确定的过去时间
eg. He said, “The love story took place in 1930s.”
→ He said that the love story tookplace in 1930s.”
B. 所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等
C. when, while, since等引导时间状语从句时
eg. He said, “It is many years since he came to live here.”
→He said that it was many years since he came to live here.
D. 直接引语中的谓语动词是虚拟语气时
eg. I insisted, “You should give up smoking and drinking”
→I insisted that my father should give up smoking and drinking.
是我自己结合课本和语法书给学生做的归纳,希望对你也有帮助吧.
引述别人的话一般有两种形式.一种是引用原话,放于括号内,这便是直接引语；另一种是用自己的话进行转述,被转述的话不放于括号内,这就是间接引语.这两种引语主要作宾语.
1、直接引语变为间接引语的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时在人称、时态、状语、动词等方面需要根据具体的情景进行变化.
A． 人称变化
变为简介引语时,如果直接引语是第一人称,一般要变为与引述部分主语一致的人称；
第二人称变为与引述部分宾语一致的人称；
第三人称一般不作改变
“I’m going to invite all my friends to havea get-together”, Jane told me on the phone.
→ Jane told me on the phone that she was going to invite all herfriends to have a get-together.
“I’ll let you know as soon as Iget the tickets”, he told me.
→ He told me that he would let meknow as soon as he got the tickets.
He said, “Mary was here one week ago.”
→ He said that Mary was there one weekbefore.
B． 时态变化
如果主句是过去时态,直接引语变为间接引语时,间接引语的时态要相应向前推一个时态.
变化
例句
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时→
一般过去时
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary”, said Anne
Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
现在进行时→
过去进行时
He said, “I’m using the knife”.
He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时→
过去完成时
She said, “I have not heard from him since May”.
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时→
过去完成时
He said, “I saw her in the street”.
He said that he had seen her in the street.
过去完成时
不变
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper”.
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
一般将来时→
过去将来时
Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class”.
Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.
C． 指示代词、时间状语、方向性动词的变化
变化成分 引语
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
today
that day
this evening
that evening
yesterday
the day before
the previous day
yesterday morning
the morning before
last night
the night before
two days ago
two days before
next week
the next week
the following week
tomorrow
the next day
the following day
the day before
two days before
the day after tomorrow
in two days’ time
two days after
地点状语
here
there
方向性动词
bring
Take
come
go
情态动词
can
could
must
had to; must
will
would
shall
should
may
might
eg.Jack said, “I have been workingherefor a dozen years”.
→ Jack said he had been working there a dozen years.
Theteacher said, “Please bring all the books downstairs up here .
→ The teacher asked the students to take all thebooks downstairs upthere.
2、各种句式的转换
A． 陈述句
陈述句转换为间接引语时用that引导,也可省略that,主句引述动词主要为say,tell, repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等.
eg. The doctor said, “You should take plenty ofwater and eat more vegetables”.
→ The doctortold me that I should take plenty of water and eat morevegetables.
B． 疑问句
a. 由疑问句转变而来的间接引语必须用陈述句语序,句尾用句号.
b. 主句引述动词是say时,要改为ask或是wonder等.
c. 直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句,须改为if/whether引导的宾语从句；
选择疑问句须用whether…or…;
特殊疑问句用原疑问词作连接词引导.
eg. He said, “Do all of youbuy presents on Christmas Day?”
→ He asked whether/ifall of us brought presents on Christmas Day.
He asked, “You are interested incomputer studies, aren’t you?”
→ He asked me whether/ if Iwas interested in computer studies.
I asked Sally, “Will you staywith me or go by yourself on a picnic?”
→ I asked Sally whethershe would stay with me or goby herself on a picnic.
“What are your parents and wheredo they live?” the policeman asked me.
→ The policeman asked what myparents were and where they lived.
C． 祈使句
a. 祈使句变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变为不定式,作宾语补足语；
主句引述动词say须改为ask, tell, order, beg,warn, advise等表示“祈求、命令”的动词,否定句需要在不定式前面加上not
b. 表示建议的祈使句需要改为suggest/advise that…+(should)…结构
eg. “Come in and sit down,please!” she said to us.
→ She told/ asked us to come inand sit down.
“Don’t be nervous, John,” one ofthem said.
→ One of them told John not tobe so nervous.
“Try one more time and see whatwill happen,”the teacher said.
→ The teacher advised that theyshould try one more time and see what would happen.
D． 感叹句
感叹句变为间接引语时可用what/ how引导,也可用that引导
eg. “What a lovely day itis!” they all shouted.
→ They all said what / howa lovely day it was.
They all said that it was a lovely day.
3、时态不需要变化的情况
A. 直接引语有确定的过去时间
eg. He said, “The love story took place in 1930s.”
→ He said that the love story tookplace in 1930s.”
B. 所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等
C. when, while, since等引导时间状语从句时
eg. He said, “It is many years since he came to live here.”
→He said that it was many years since he came to live here.
D. 直接引语中的谓语动词是虚拟语气时
eg. I insisted, “You should give up smoking and drinking”
→I insisted that my father should give up smoking and drinking.
是我自己结合课本和语法书给学生做的归纳,希望对你也有帮助吧.