英语翻译Decolorization of textile dye by Candida albicans isolat

英语翻译
Decolorization of textile dye by Candida albicans isolated from industrial effluents
Vivian Vitor .Carlos Renato Corso
Received:20 March 2008/Accepted:30 July 2008/Published online:20 August 2008 Society for Industrial Microbiology 2008
Abstract The aim of the present work was to observe microbial decolorization and biodegradation of the Direct Violet 51 azo dye by Candida albicans isolated from industrial effluents and study the metabolites formed after egradation.C.albicans was used in the removal of the dye in order to further biosorption and biodegradation at different pHvalues inaqueoussolutions.A comparative study of biodegradation analysis was carried out using UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy,which revealed significant changes in peak positions when compared to the dye spectrum.Theses changes in dye structure appeared after 72 h at pH 2.50; after 240 h at pH 4.50; and after 280 h at pH 6.50,indicating the different by-products formed during the biodegradation process.Hence,the yeast C.albicans was able to remove the color substance,demonstrating a potential enzymatic capacity to modify the chemical structure of pigments found in industrial effluents.
Keywords Textile dyes .Biodegradation .Decolorization Candida albicans Direct Violet 51 Biosorption
Introduction
Dyes and dyestuff are used in textile,pharmaceutical,leather and cosmetic industries.The main use occurs in textile manufacturing,resulting in wastewater that contains a variety of these pollutants.The release of dyes is a cause of concern due to the effects on the environment and human health [13].A number of these dyes are very stable in the presence of light,water and chemicals.Degradation is used in the bioremediation of these dyes and is an attractive solution due to its lower cost and environmentally friendlier technology when compared to chemical and physical treatment processes [14].
The annual world production of dyestuff amounts to more than 7 9 10 tons [17].It is estimated that 10–15% of the total production of colorants is lost during synthesis and dyeing processes [5].Pigmented industrial effluent is the most obvious indicator of water pollution.The discharge of highly pigmented synthetic dye is not only aesthetically unpleasing,but causes considerable harmful effects when released in bodies of water.Some methods try to solve this problem through the study of decolorization kinetics and the mineralization of reactive azo dyes in aqueous solution through UV/H2O2 oxidation as an appropriate procedure in a textile wastewater pretreatment step [15].However,treatment with biological agents remains the best solution of such a problem.A large number of microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups of bacteria,algae,fungi and yeast and have been reported for their ability to decolorize azo dye[10,11,20].
Dye removal by yeast occurs through the physical biosorption of the dye in a non-specific manner to the periphery of the cell,followed by specific accumulation in the wall and interior of the cell.Yeast biomass is an inexpensive,readily available source of biomass that has potential for dye accumulation at lower pH values [4].Candida tropicalis was investigated in the removal of the textile dyes Remazol Blue,Reactive Black and Reactive Red.The results reveal that yeast can bioaccumulate the selected dyes to different extents.Remazol Blue and Reactive Black were bioaccumulated to a greater extent,whereas Reactive Red was bioaccumulated within a more limited range.In the present study,Candida albicans isolated from industrial effluents was used in the removal of the Direct Violet 51 azo dye in order to further biosorption and bio- degradation at different pH values in aqueous solutions.

脱色纺织染料的白色念珠菌分离工业废水
维维安维托尔.卡洛斯雷纳托高碌街
收到：3月20日2008/Accepted ：7月30日2008/Published在线：2008年8月20号工业微生物学会2008年
摘要的目的,目前的工作是观察微生物降解和生物降解的直接紫51偶氮染料的白色念珠菌分离工业废水和代谢产物的研究后形成egradation.C.albicans用于去除染料,以进一步的吸附和生物降解在不同pHvalues inaqueoussolutions .比较研究的生物降解进行分析利用紫外可见和红外光谱,发现重大变化,在繁忙的立场相比,染料频谱.论文染料结构的变化72小时后出现在pH值2.50 ;后240 h在pH值4.50 ;和后280 h在pH值6.50 ,说明不同的产品过程中形成的生物降解过程.因此,白念珠菌酵母能够消除色彩的内容,显示出潜在的能力,改变酶的化学结构颜料中发现工业废水.
关键词纺织品染料.生物降解.脱色白念珠菌吸附直接紫51
导言
染料和染料是用于纺织,制药,皮革和化妆品行业.的主要用途发生在纺织制造,从而导致废水含有多种污染物.染料的释放是一个令人关注的问题的影响而对环境和人类健康[ 13 ] .其中的一些染料是非常稳定的存在,光,水和化学品.退化是用于修复这些染料,是一个有吸引力的解决方案由于其较低的成本和对环境友好的技术相比,化学和物理处理过程[ 14 ] .
每年一度的世界生产染料金额超过7月9日10吨[ 17 ] .据估计,10-15 ％的总生产量的着色剂是合成过程中损失和染色过程[ 5 ] .色素工业废水是最明显的指标,水体污染.履行高度色素合成染料,不仅美观unpleasing ,但相当多的原因时释放的有害影响的水体.一些方法试图解决这一问题,通过研究脱色动力学和矿化反应偶氮染料在水溶液中通过UV/H2O2氧化作为一个适当的程序在纺织废水预处理步骤[ 15 ] .然而,生物制剂治疗仍然是最好的解决办法等问题.大量的微生物属于不同生物群体的细菌,藻类,真菌和酵母,并已报告了他们的能力,脱色偶氮染料[ 10 ,11 ,20 ] .
问题补充：染料去除酵母是通过物理吸附的染料在非特定的方式向周围的细胞,其次是具体的积累在墙上和内部的细胞.酵母生物量是一种廉价,容易得到的生物质能源具有潜在的染料聚集在较低pH值[ 4 ] .热带念珠菌调查了取消纺织品染料雷玛蓝,活性黑和活性红.结果表明,酵母可生物蓄积所选染料在不同程度上.雷玛信誉和活性黑了bioaccumulated在更大程度上,而活性红是bioaccumulated在一个比较有限的范围内.在本研究中,白色念珠菌分离工业废水中所使用的直接清除紫51偶氮染料,以便进一步吸附和生物降解在不同pH值水溶液中.