英语翻译翻译,不仅仅是表面上的语言文字转换,而且是跨文化的语际交流过程.当某些文化现象建立在人类共识或者相同的生活经验之

英语翻译
翻译,不仅仅是表面上的语言文字转换,而且是跨文化的语际交流过程.当某些文化现象建立在人类共识或者相同的生活经验之上时,两种文化在两种语言的转换过程中可以实现同步交流.可是,当一个民族的文化现象在另一个民族文化里找不到与之对应的文化因子时就会出现文化空缺,因而无法实现语言同文化意象的的同步传递,此时就需要借用文化移植.文化移植是指把一个民族特有的文化意象以其本来面目移植到另一个民族的文化空缺里.它不仅能把一种文化和语言中的信息以原有的形式贡献给另一种文化及语言,使该民族能够欣赏到原汁原味的异族文化,同时也给该民族文化注人了新鲜血液;不仅丰富和发展了该民族的文化内涵和意蕴,而且也给它输人了新的语言表达形式,从而进一步增强了两种民族文化的相容性.
1.文化空缺
语言作为文化的载体,通过语言反映的是该民族绚丽多彩的文化形态,丰富多样的文化现象,一个民族与异民族文化间有着明显的非对应性,即相互间的文化差异性.由于地域、社会发展和宗教的影响,中西文化所各自特有的意识形态、价值观、思维方式和风俗习惯往往大相径庭,出现文化空缺是常有的事.
比如：对于“西风”和“东风”,汉文化和英语文化有着截然不同的理解.大不列颠盛行的西南风使得英国冬季温暖、潮湿、温度宜人.对于英国人来说,它温暖、柔和,所以受到人们的赞颂.在中国,西风是刺骨的寒风,经常使人联想起离愁别绪,东风则像是英国人心目中的西风,温暖,预示着春天的到来,会使大地春意盎然,而在英语文化中东风才是刺骨寒风.
2 文化空缺给跨文化翻译带来的主要问题
2.1词汇的空缺
词汇空缺是指某一民族文化特点在另一民族文化中找不到对应词来表达的现象.因此在跨文化交际和翻译中找不到满意和合适的词成为最难解决的问题之一.比如中国的十二地支“子、丑、寅、卯”等字是中国文化独一无二的计时方式,在翻译中就会带来问题.此外,中国服饰、食物等等很多在英语中都找不到相应的词.而英语当中也有很多事物在中文里找不到对应词,比如：风俗习惯,食物,各种品牌的车等等.
2.2文化形象的流失
许多文化空缺因素都承载着相应的文化形象.不同文化有不同的文化形象,有时候要保留文化形象也实非易事.比如：We had planned to give Mum a pleasant surprise on her birthday,but Jimmy let the cat out of the bag.我们原打算在妈妈生日那天给她个意外惊喜,可吉米泄露了秘密.英语熟语“let the cat of the bag”意思是“泄露秘密”.它得自于一个有趣的故事：一位顾客要求验货,看看袋子里的猪,而从袋子里跳出来的是猫.此熟语的内涵意义的译文汉语使用者能理解,但是“猫”的形象却消失了.
我还是有一定的英语基础的.

Translation is not only on the surface,the language,and is the conversion of interlanguage communication cross-cultural process.When a certain cultural phenomenon in human consensus of the same life experience or above,two kinds of culture in the two languages conversion process can achieve synchronous communication.However,when a nation's cultural phenomenon in another nation culture and find corresponding cultural factors will occur,thus unable to realize cultural vacancy with cultural image of the language,now requires synchronization transmission borrow transplant.Culture refers to a national transplantation with its unique cultural imagery original transplanted into another nation's culture in the vacancy.It can not only take a kind of culture and linguistic information to the original form of contribution to another culture and language,make this nation can enjoy authentic alien culture,but also to the national culture and note the fresh blood,Not only enriched and developed the ethnic culture connotation and meaning,but also give it a new language input form,thereby further strengthening the two national cultural compatibility.
Cultural vacancy
Language is the carrier of culture,as reflected by the national language is the cultural form colorful and diverse cultural phenomenon,a nation national culture and the correspondence between the obvious,namely the cultural differences between each other.Due to the regional,social development and the influence of western culture,religion,and that their ideology and values,ways of thinking and habits often differ,there are cultural vacancy.
Example:in west "and" dongfeng ",Chinese culture and English culture with different understanding.In Britain the southwest makes British winter is warm,moist,temperature and pleasant.For the British,it is warm,gentle,so people praise.In China,the west is nipping bise,often reminiscent of dongfeng floating down,a British idea of the west,warm,heralds spring's arrival,will make the earth,but in the spring wind is bone-chilling English culture Middle East wind.
2 for intercultural translation cultural vacancy of main problems
2.1 lexical gaps
Vocabulary vacancy refers to a national cultural characteristics in another nation culture find words to express the corresponding phenomena.Therefore in cross-cultural communication and translation to find a satisfying and proper words to become one of the most difficult problems.Such as:"the China,ugly,when such word is",bases of China culture unique time,in the process of translation will cause problems.In addition,the historical figures,China's clothing,food,etc.Many in English is to find the corresponding word.While English is also has a lot of things in Chinese find corresponding word:for instance,customs,food,and all kinds of brand of car etc.
The loss of 2.2 cultural image
Many cultural vacancy factors are carrying the corresponding cultural image.Different cultures have different cultural image,sometimes to preserve cultural image and the solid non-easy matter.Example:We had a pleasant Mum nullified which involved on site,remove the greengrocer 's.how's Jimmy birthday among the bag of our original plan in the mother's birthday and give her a surprise,but Jimmy let the cat out of the bag.Among English sayings "< bag of" means "secret".It comes from an interesting story:a customer requirements,see the bag inspection pig,and from the bag is the cat jumped.The sayings of the connotation of Chinese users can understand,but "cat" image was gone.