求2010年北京英语试卷 Pacing and Pausing 的翻译

求2010年北京英语试卷 Pacing and Pausing 的翻译
Pacing and Pausing
Sara tried to befriend her old friend steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expections about pacing and pausing.
Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and sara.
It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visiter from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.
The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personlity and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping. And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in -- and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.
That's why slight differences in coversational sytle -- tiny little things like microseconds of pause -- can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems -- even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registed for assertiveness training.

莎拉试着和老友史蒂文的妻子贝蒂交朋友,但是贝蒂好像和她没什么共同语言.当莎拉说贝蒂总是接不上她的话茬,而贝蒂却总是向史蒂文抱怨莎拉从来不给她说话的机会.这个问题关乎到了人们在对话时如何处理接话和停顿时的不同期望.
对话是人们之间的一种互动游戏.当我们的说话习惯相近时倒是没什么问题.但是如果我们的习惯不一样,比如你可能在我说完之前就想接这个话茬,或者好不容易在我说完了之后你却错过了机会.这就是贝蒂和莎拉之间常常发生的事情.
这种情况在两个人之间出现并不是巧合.贝蒂作为一个英国人,希望在对话之间有相对较长的停顿；而莎拉作为美国人,则不那么希望长时间的冷场出现.贝蒂总是觉得自己被莎拉打断了.但是当贝蒂与芬兰人交流时,她发现自己居然也变成了打断人家说话的人.而莎拉也发现自己和拉丁美洲人和以色列人交流时,自己怎么也没办法插进去.
这种普遍现象的出现是因为,像接话茬这种习惯,人们从中不是可以看出一个人的说话习惯,而是一个人的品质和个人能力.这种习以为常的差异通常就是危险思维定势的前身.而且这些社会现象可以推断出非常人性化的结论.比如说一位居住在美国西南部的女人要移居到一座东部城市从事人事部门的工作.当整个部门在一起举行会议时,她一直想找机会把话插进去——但是没有成功.虽然在老家她是被认为开朗而且充满自信,在华盛顿她却被认为是腼腆内向.当她在年底进行评估时,她被告知因为她的交流能力出现问题需要接受培训课程.
这就是为什么交谈习惯上的细微差距——也许是几毫秒的停顿——都会影响一个人的生活.在以上的案例中的结论就是一个心理问题的判断依据——甚至那个女人自己也这么觉得.她真的很想知道她到底出了什么问题,以及她会在那个自信养成培训课程上被登记成什么现象.