什么是表语,定语,补语

什么是表语,定语,补语

1) 表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等.它也可以说是一种主语补语.它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构.在系表结构中,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,真正起谓语作用的则是表语.可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等.1．The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的.（名词）2．So that’s that.就是这样.（代词）3．We are seven.我们一共7人.（数词）4．Are you busy?你有空吗?（形容词）5．Are you there?你在听吗?（电话用语）（副词）Is anybody in? 里面有人吗?（副词）6．All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待.（不定式）   My answer tohis threat（威胁） was to hithim on the nose. （不定式）7．Complimenting（赞美,祝贺） is lying. 恭维就是说谎.（动名词）   Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗?（动名词）8．I was so much surprisedat it. 我对此事感到很惊讶.（过分）   I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意.（过分）9．She is ingood health. 她很健康.（介词短语）   The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点.（介词短语）10．Is that whyyou were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗?（从句）11．This is whereI first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方.（从句）补充：  能做系动词的实义动词：come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay ,make (表变化的动词)fell,sound ,smell , look , taste （感观动词）  seem, appear (似乎,好像)1．Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了.（Come后常加 easy,loose natural 等）2. He fell sick. 他病了.Keep fit.保重.  keep作为系动词还常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry3．The well ran dry.这口井干枯了.（short , loose , wild , cold 等）4．A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.2)定语定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词.可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等.1．形容词用作定语是大量的.（1）. She is a naturalmusician. （2）. He mustbe the best violinist alive.（后置定语）2. 名词用作定语.（1）. A baby girl 女婴     （2）. wellwater 井水 (3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车 3．代词作定语. （1）. Yourhair needs cutting. （物主代词用作定语） （2）. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. （不定代词所有格作定语）4．数词作定语（1）. There’s only oneway to do it. 做此事只有一法.（2）. Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 基数词用作后置定语： page 24 ,  Room 201 ,  the year 19495. 副词充当定语时常后置,如：  the room above 楼上的房间  the world today 今日世界  the way out 出路  a day off 休息日6．不定式用作定语（1）. Her promise to writewas forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事.（2）. That’s the way to doit.那正是做此事的方法.7．动名词用作定语.  A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药  eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法8．分词充当定语  a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩    a drinking man 嗜酒者  a retired worker 一个退休工人      a faded flower 一朵谢了的花9．介词短语用作定语.（1）. This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图.（2）. The wild look in hiseyes spoke plainer than words.10．从句用作定语,即定语从句  The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的.  Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit byanother one. 3)补语补语（complement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分.补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语（subject complement）,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语（object complement）.(1). 形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号.   Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.    有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似.如：   The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to theirpleadings.(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等1.They named the child Jimmy.他们将孩子命名为吉米.（名词用作并与补语）2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. （名词短语作宾语补语）3. He boiled the egg hard.她将鸡蛋煮老了.（形容词用作宾语补语）3.I found the book veryinteresting.我发现那本书很有趣.（形容词短语用作宾补）4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. （不定式用作宾语补语）5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙.（动名作宾补6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事.