大师作文网英语中“同谓语”的概念是什么?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/11 13:58:28
英语中“同谓语”的概念是什么?
最好再举两个例句.
最好再举两个例句.
一、先行词
1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于 idea,plan, fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question, thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词.例如：
①The boy who is playing football is my classmate．
②Those who work hard will succeed．
③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody．
④The fact that you are talking about is important．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词 boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词,④句便是一例.
由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词.
2．when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词.例如：
①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
②I have no idea when she will be back．
在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词.
二、引导词
定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that,when,where,why.下面把四个引导词
分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法.
1．引导词that
引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用.例如：
①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting．
②We heard the news that our team had won．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news.在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用.
2．引导词when,where,why
引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.例如：
①I will never forget the day when I joined the army．
②We have no idea when she was born．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式；在②句 中,划线部分是同位语从句, when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
③This is the house where I lived two years ago．
④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．
在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式；在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句, where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting．
⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．
在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式；在⑥句 中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人.
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动.
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意；观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面.例如： He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意： that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于：同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代；定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于： 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用；定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. （定语从句, when为连接词） That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. （定语从句,which/that为关系副词） This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. （定语从句, where为连接词） This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. （定语从句,where为关系副词）
注：each有同位语,
every没有
例：they each went there yesterday
1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于 idea,plan, fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question, thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词.例如：
①The boy who is playing football is my classmate．
②Those who work hard will succeed．
③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody．
④The fact that you are talking about is important．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词 boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词,④句便是一例.
由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词.
2．when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词.例如：
①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
②I have no idea when she will be back．
在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词.
二、引导词
定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that,when,where,why.下面把四个引导词
分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法.
1．引导词that
引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用.例如：
①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting．
②We heard the news that our team had won．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news.在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用.
2．引导词when,where,why
引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.例如：
①I will never forget the day when I joined the army．
②We have no idea when she was born．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式；在②句 中,划线部分是同位语从句, when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
③This is the house where I lived two years ago．
④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．
在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式；在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句, where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting．
⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．
在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式；在⑥句 中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式.
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人.
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动.
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意；观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面.例如： He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意： that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于：同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代；定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于： 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用；定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. （定语从句, when为连接词） That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. （定语从句,which/that为关系副词） This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. （定语从句, where为连接词） This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. （定语从句,where为关系副词）
注：each有同位语,
every没有
例：they each went there yesterday