英语翻译Microwave Assisted Organic ReactionsS.CaddickSchool of C

英语翻译
Microwave Assisted Organic Reactions
S.Caddick
School of Chemisty and Molecular Sciences,Universiry of Sussex,Faimer,Brighton,BNI 9QJ
1.Introduction
The rapid heating of foodstuffs in microwave ovens is routinely used by a significant proportion of mankind.However people have recogniscd other potential applications for this method of heating and scientists engaged in a number of disciplines have applied the rapid heating associated with microwave technology to a number of useful processes.These include the preparation of samples for analysis applications to waste treatment; polymer tcchnology; drug mlease/targeting; ceramics and alkane decompositione.The technique has also found use in a range of decomposition processes including hydrolysis of proteins and peptides.Application to inorganic and solid state synthesis has also been shown to have significant advantages.The purpose of this review is to highlight the applications of microwave radiation to organic reactions; organic synthesis is an area which can benefit significantly from this technology.
2.General Principles
The microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum lies between lcm and lm and in order to avoidinterfering with radar and telecommunication activities which operate within this region,most domestic andcommercial microwave instruments operate at 2.45GHz.The heating effect utilised in microwave assistedorganic transformations is due in the main,to dielectric polarisation,although conduction losses can also beimportant particularly at higher temperatures.Whilst the polarisability of a molecule (determined by the Debyeequation) is the sum of a number of contributions,only dipolar and interfacial polarisation are important toheating effects associated with microwave irradiation.When a molecule is irradiated with microwaves it rotatesto align itself with the applied field.The frequency of molecular rotation is similar to the frequency ofmicrowave radiation and consequently the molecule continually attempts to realign itself with the changingfield and energy is absorbed.The ability of a material to convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy at agiven frequency and temperature is calculated using the following equation (E”/E’ = Tan 6).

微波有机合成反应的
Caddick . .
学校的化学和分子科学、苏塞克斯、Faimer Universiry,布莱顿,BNI 9QJ

1.介绍
快速加热食品在微波炉中使用是由很大比例的人类.但是人们recogniscd其他潜在的应用此方法对加热和科学家从事一定数量的学科已经快速加热与微波技术许多有用的过程.这些包括了样品的制备,分析应用到废物处理、聚合物tcchnology;药物mlease /目标;陶瓷、烷烃decompositione.这项技术也发现使用一系列的分解过程,包括水解蛋白、多肽.应用无机和固态合成也已被证明具有明显的优势.综述了近年来微波辐射技术应用的亮点,有机合成有机合成反应是一个区域,可以受益于这种技术.
2.一般原则,
微波这种电磁波的隔lcm、光镜和为了avoidinterfering与雷达和电信活动,在这个地区,大多数家庭andcommercial微波仪器操作2.45GHz.在微波加热效果assistedorganic变换后的主要是由于分化、介电损耗,虽然也beimportant传导尤其在更高的温度.当polarisability分子(取决于Debyeequation)之和一定数量的贡献,只有偶极和界面的分化是重要的toheating微波辐射效应.当一个分子与微波照射它rotatesto结盟的应用领域.分子旋转的频率是相似的.ofmicrowave辐射的频率,因此在分子不断尝试调整自己,changingfield及能量吸收.这个能力的资料转换成热能的电磁能量在agiven频率和温度计算方程(E " / E ' =镡6).