求英语中 关系代词的具体用法
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求英语中 关系代词的具体用法
如题 在从句中作主语或宾语是什么意思
宾语和谓语怎么区分
如题 在从句中作主语或宾语是什么意思
宾语和谓语怎么区分
关系代词
(1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句.它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹.(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语.)
(2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和所有格之分,并有指人与指物之分.在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:
限定性 非限定性 限定性
指 人 指 物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
宾 格 whom that that
所有格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔.
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书.
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
(3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:
He said he saw me there,which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言.
说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了.
He's changed.He's not the man he was.
他变化很大,已不是过去的他了.
注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略.
非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词.
(4)三个特殊关系代词的用法
but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句
but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语.but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not".它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not,little,few,hardly等).but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果.例如:There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲.
as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语.as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词.例如:①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人.②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书.as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末.例如:① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,as we all know.
than既可指人,也可指物,可作关系代词来引导定语从句.than前通常有表比较的词.例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少.
在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组:1."such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等.试比较下列两个句子:① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他.② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人.2."the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西.试比较下列两个句子:①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书.(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样.(并不是原来的那一本)
(1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句.它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹.(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语.)
(2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和所有格之分,并有指人与指物之分.在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:
限定性 非限定性 限定性
指 人 指 物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
宾 格 whom that that
所有格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔.
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书.
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
(3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:
He said he saw me there,which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言.
说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了.
He's changed.He's not the man he was.
他变化很大,已不是过去的他了.
注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略.
非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词.
(4)三个特殊关系代词的用法
but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句
but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语.but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not".它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not,little,few,hardly等).but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果.例如:There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲.
as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语.as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词.例如:①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人.②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书.as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末.例如:① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,as we all know.
than既可指人,也可指物,可作关系代词来引导定语从句.than前通常有表比较的词.例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少.
在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组:1."such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等.试比较下列两个句子:① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他.② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人.2."the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西.试比较下列两个句子:①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书.(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样.(并不是原来的那一本)