大师作文网英语必修二第四单元的知识点
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英语必修二第四单元的知识点
要单词,词组,典型句型的详解
要单词,词组,典型句型的详解
1．suggest
【原句回放】but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests. (Page26)
【点拨】suggest vt. 建议,提出,使想起,暗示
1) 接名词、代词或动名词
That girl's sun-tanned face suggests excellent health.
He suggested going out for a walk.
2) 接从句,构成：
It is suggested that... 有人提议……
I suggest that... 我觉得/认为
The doctor suggested that I (should) come again next day.
【拓展】
1) 当suggest表“建议”时,从句中要用虚拟语气；当suggest表“暗示”,从句中用陈述语气.
如：He suggested that the meeting（should）be put off. 他建议这个会议应该推迟.
His expression suggests that he didn’t sleep well last night.
他的表情说明他昨晚没睡好.
2) suggest的名词为suggestion,其后接表语从句或同位语从句时,从句中也用虚拟语气.
如：My suggestion is that we（should) add some sand to the soil. （表语从句）
His suggestion that you（should）eat more vegetables to lose weight is reasonable.
(同位语从句)
【随时练】
He came to my class every week, but his attitude ______ he was not really interested in the subject.
A. expressed B. described C. explained D. suggested
【答案与解析】D.题干的意思是“他每周来我班里,但他的态度表明他不是真的对这门课程感兴趣.”比较四个词的意思：expressed“表达、表述”；described“描写”；explained“解释”；suggested“暗示、表明”.
2．die out
【原句回放】 As a result these endangered animals may even die out. (Warming up)
【点拨】die out
1）灭绝,绝种
Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.
如果人类可以如愿地射杀掉大量大象,那么大象将会很快灭绝.
2）逐渐消失
Many old customs are dying out. 很多老的习俗将要逐渐消失.
3）熄灭
The fire died out in the end. 火最后熄灭了.
【拓展】die away （声,光,风等）渐弱
die off （家庭成员,种族等）相继死亡,草木枯死.
die down （火,兴奋等）渐弱,渐息
die of 因……而死(死于疾病、情感等)
die from 因……而死
be dying to do 很想做,渴望做
【随时练】
1. Now some creatures are in danger of ______.
A. dying out B. dying off C. dying of D. dying from
2. The practice of children working in factories has nearly ______.
A. died off B. died out C. died D. died down
【答案与解析】1.A 2.B
1. 句意为: 现在一些动物有灭绝的危险. die off 是指多个主体的相继死去.C,D两项后要接宾语.
2. 根据拓展,题意应解释为“几乎消失”.die down是声音等逐渐消失,不合题意..
3．affect
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. (P26)
【点拨】 vt. 影响, 感动, 侵袭
如：Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康.
We were deeply affected by the news. 我们深深被这消息所感动.
【拓展】affect和effect用法辨析：
1）effect是名词,意为“结果”、“效力”、“影响”,常用在 have effect on等词组中.如：
The medicine has little effect on the old man. 这药对那老人几乎没有效果.
Punishment almost had no effect on the naughty boy. 惩罚对这个顽皮的孩子几乎没有用.
come into effect 开始生效,开始实施
have an effect on 对……有影响； 对……起作用,产生效果
in effect 正在实行
2）affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对.产生不利
影响”的意思.
如：The rise in prices will affect all classes. 价格的涨幅将会影响到各阶层的人.
The climate affected his health. 气候影响了他的健康.
【随时练】
The incident ______ the relations between the two countries.
A. affected B. effect C. effort D. had an effect
【答案与解析】A.该题基本为词义辨析,结合句子意思最关键.“这个事件影响了两个国家的关系”,句子需要谓语.
4．with的复合结构
【原句回放】There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad.(P26)
【点拨】原句可换为There Daisy saw an antelope with a sad face looking at her.
“with+复合宾语”即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构.
众所周知,能够充当with的宾语的通常是名词和代词,问题的关键是宾语补足语的形式,结构如下：
1) with +宾语 +形容词
You mustn’t sleep with the door open.
2）with +宾语+ 副词
He has a bad habit of sleeping with the light on.
3）with +宾语+ 介词短语
A woman came in with a baby in her arms.
4）with +宾语+不定式
With so much work to do, he could not go home.
5）with +宾语+现在分词
Coming into the school, we may find rows of classroom with trees standing in front of
them.
6）with +宾语+ 过去分词
With the task completed, we may have a good rest now.
【拓展】“with+复合宾语”在句中的作用
1)“with+复合宾语”结构在句中主要作状语.
如：With the old man leading, the soldiers started toward the mountains.
在老人的带领下,士兵们开始向山里进发.
Two soldiers stand at the gate with a gun in their hands.
两个士兵手里拿着枪站在大门口.
2)“with+复合宾语”结构可在句中作定语.如 ：
The room with the window half open is my bedroom. 那个半开窗户的屋子是我的卧室.
There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.
在白色的房子前面有很多排树.
【随时练】
______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
【答案与解析】答案C.选项和后面的名词及副词up构成with复合结构.整句意思为“产量增长了60%,公司又经历了一个极好的年头.”其他词不能构成此结构.
5．peace
【原句回放】About 30—40 remain after being left in peace with no hunting.（Warming up）
【点拨】peace
1）安静,平静
Don’t disturb her. Just leave her in peace for a while.
不要打扰她,让她安静一会儿.
There was a short peace, but then another war broke out.
短暂的和平后又有一场战争爆发.
2）治安
The UN troops were busy keeping the peace in that area.
联合国部队正忙于维持那个地区的治安.
3）和解,和睦
We tried to make peace with them.
我们试图和他们和解
【拓展】in peace 和平地,安心地
at peace 平静地
at peace with 与……处于和平状态（反义词at war with）
peaceful adj. 安静的
【随时练】
It is our hope that the two countries will live ____ forever.
A. in a peace B. in peace C. peaceful D. in peacefully
【答案与解析】 B.从句的意思是“两个国家永远和平相处”.A项的结构是不正确的；因为空白处要填状语,故C项不正确；D项,把in 去掉就可以了.
6．contain
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.(P26)
【点拨】contain
1）包含；装有
This book contains all the information you need. 这本书包含所有你需要的信息.
2）容纳
The hall can contain 500 people. 大厅能容纳500人.
3）抑制
She couldn’t contain herself for the joy. 她高兴得难以自制.
contain 和 include
contain 指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”.
include 指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去,使用“句子,including +被包括部分”.
【随时练】
1. In the accident, five passengers were killed, ______ a foreigner.
A. including B. included
C. include D. which were included
2. The bag ________ a lot of books ___________ some English books and history books.
【答案与解析】 1. A 2. contains；including
1. 本题考察的是include的一种特殊用法.从句子结构来说,已经有了主语和谓语,空格中就不应是谓
语,而是非谓语动词.此处including 可以看作介词用法.
2.书包中“装有”许多书籍,有容纳之意,故首空填contain.
7．protect...from
【原句回放】I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes. (Page 26)
【点拨】protect...from 保护……免受……危害
protect sb./ sth. from + n
protect sb./ oneself from +doing
protect A against B 保护A免遭B的危害
如：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光
I’ll protect you /myself from being insulted. 我将保护你（我自己）免受侮辱.
【拓展】 keep sb. from doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 均为阻止某人干某事
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
如：The school stopped the students from playing computer games. 学校阻止学生玩电脑游戏.
常用的词组：under the protection 在……的保护之下
a protection against/ from 防……的保护物
give /provide protection 提供保护
【随时练】
Flowers in our garden are well protected ______ the weather.
A. on B. to C. against D. with
【答案与解析】C.本题考查的是protect 与介词from 或against 连用的用法.表示“免遭”.
8．reserve
【原句回放】Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province (Warming up)
【点拨】 reserve
1) 保护区 n.
nature reserve自然保护区
We have large reserve of oil. 我们有很大的油区.
2) 储藏,贮备 n.
I must keep a good reserve of energy for tomorrow’s match.
我必须为了明天的比赛保留充足的体力.
3) 预约,预定 v.
I’d like to reserve a table for two. 我要预定一个两人桌.
4) 保留 v.
如：You’d better reserve some money for future need. 你最好为了将来贮备一些钱.
【拓展】reserved adj. 预定的
reservation n. 保留条件,预约,预定
in reserve 预备的,储备的
unreserved adj. 未预定的
【随时练】
1. We ’d like to _______a table for five for dinner this evening.
A. preserve B. reserve C. retain D. sustain
2. These rooms are _______for special guests.
A. occupied B. reserved C. reversed D. restored
【答案与解析】1.B 2.B
1. 本题意为：我们今天晚上5人用餐,想预订一个桌位. reserve预定,预约；preserve 保护,维
修；retain保持,保留； sustain 支撑,供养.
2．这也是考察词义的,原句意为：这些房间是为特殊的客人们预留的.其它选项B项形式相近,但含义
相去甚远.
9．endanger
【原句回放】as a result these endangered animals may even die out. (Warming up)
【点拨】endanger 使……遭受危害
如：Smoking endangers his health. 吸烟使他的身体遭受危害.
in danger 处于危险之中
如：The patient is in danger. 病人处在危险中.
【拓展】danger表达抽象意义“危险”时是不可数的名词,表达具体的“危险人物”时是可数的.
in danger 是指人或物本身处于危险中,受到外来的威胁.
be in danger of 有……危险
be out of danger 脱离危险
dangerous危险的,是指人,物,事态可能引起的危险的,对别人构成威胁的.
endangered adj. 濒危的
【随时练】
(1) The tiger is ______danger of dying out.
A. at B. in the C. in D. inside
(2) --- I hear Jack once was _______of losing his life.
--- Yes, But now he is _______.
A. in danger; out of danger B. in the danger; out of the danger
C. in the danger; out of danger D. in danger; out of the danger
【答案与解析】1. C 2. A
1. 句意：老虎处于灭绝的危险.danger用于这些含义时,前边不加冠词.
2. danger 表达抽象概念的时候,其前不加冠词.
10．recently
【原句回放】...animals, insects and birds died out more recently. (Page30)
【点拨】recently adv. 最近,新近,与过去时态和现在完成时态连用.
如：Did she have a party recently? 她最近举办过聚会吗?
They've recently bought a new car. 他们不久前买了一辆新汽车.
【拓展】
1）和一般过去时共同使用的时间状语：this morning,tonight,this April,once,before,
already,recently,lately等
如：I didn't go to school this morning. 我上午没有去上学.
2）现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till / until,up to
now,in past years,always, up to/till now 直到现在,ever since(then) 从那时起,in the
past few(three) years 在过去几年里
如：He has traveled to nearly twenty European cities so far.
到目前为止他已经走过了差不多20个欧洲国家.
3) 用于现在完成时的句型
(1) It is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时.
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
(2) This is the+形容词最高级+that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
【随时练】
I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written to B. doesn't write to
C. won't write to D. hadn't written to
【答案与解析】答案A.recently“近来的”意思,一般用于现在完成时,“不知道为什么Jenny近来没有给我们写信”,给现在造成的影响是“我们没有收到他的信”,所以选A.
【原句回放】but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests. (Page26)
【点拨】suggest vt. 建议,提出,使想起,暗示
1) 接名词、代词或动名词
That girl's sun-tanned face suggests excellent health.
He suggested going out for a walk.
2) 接从句,构成：
It is suggested that... 有人提议……
I suggest that... 我觉得/认为
The doctor suggested that I (should) come again next day.
【拓展】
1) 当suggest表“建议”时,从句中要用虚拟语气；当suggest表“暗示”,从句中用陈述语气.
如：He suggested that the meeting（should）be put off. 他建议这个会议应该推迟.
His expression suggests that he didn’t sleep well last night.
他的表情说明他昨晚没睡好.
2) suggest的名词为suggestion,其后接表语从句或同位语从句时,从句中也用虚拟语气.
如：My suggestion is that we（should) add some sand to the soil. （表语从句）
His suggestion that you（should）eat more vegetables to lose weight is reasonable.
(同位语从句)
【随时练】
He came to my class every week, but his attitude ______ he was not really interested in the subject.
A. expressed B. described C. explained D. suggested
【答案与解析】D.题干的意思是“他每周来我班里,但他的态度表明他不是真的对这门课程感兴趣.”比较四个词的意思：expressed“表达、表述”；described“描写”；explained“解释”；suggested“暗示、表明”.
2．die out
【原句回放】 As a result these endangered animals may even die out. (Warming up)
【点拨】die out
1）灭绝,绝种
Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.
如果人类可以如愿地射杀掉大量大象,那么大象将会很快灭绝.
2）逐渐消失
Many old customs are dying out. 很多老的习俗将要逐渐消失.
3）熄灭
The fire died out in the end. 火最后熄灭了.
【拓展】die away （声,光,风等）渐弱
die off （家庭成员,种族等）相继死亡,草木枯死.
die down （火,兴奋等）渐弱,渐息
die of 因……而死(死于疾病、情感等)
die from 因……而死
be dying to do 很想做,渴望做
【随时练】
1. Now some creatures are in danger of ______.
A. dying out B. dying off C. dying of D. dying from
2. The practice of children working in factories has nearly ______.
A. died off B. died out C. died D. died down
【答案与解析】1.A 2.B
1. 句意为: 现在一些动物有灭绝的危险. die off 是指多个主体的相继死去.C,D两项后要接宾语.
2. 根据拓展,题意应解释为“几乎消失”.die down是声音等逐渐消失,不合题意..
3．affect
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. (P26)
【点拨】 vt. 影响, 感动, 侵袭
如：Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康.
We were deeply affected by the news. 我们深深被这消息所感动.
【拓展】affect和effect用法辨析：
1）effect是名词,意为“结果”、“效力”、“影响”,常用在 have effect on等词组中.如：
The medicine has little effect on the old man. 这药对那老人几乎没有效果.
Punishment almost had no effect on the naughty boy. 惩罚对这个顽皮的孩子几乎没有用.
come into effect 开始生效,开始实施
have an effect on 对……有影响； 对……起作用,产生效果
in effect 正在实行
2）affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对.产生不利
影响”的意思.
如：The rise in prices will affect all classes. 价格的涨幅将会影响到各阶层的人.
The climate affected his health. 气候影响了他的健康.
【随时练】
The incident ______ the relations between the two countries.
A. affected B. effect C. effort D. had an effect
【答案与解析】A.该题基本为词义辨析,结合句子意思最关键.“这个事件影响了两个国家的关系”,句子需要谓语.
4．with的复合结构
【原句回放】There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad.(P26)
【点拨】原句可换为There Daisy saw an antelope with a sad face looking at her.
“with+复合宾语”即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构.
众所周知,能够充当with的宾语的通常是名词和代词,问题的关键是宾语补足语的形式,结构如下：
1) with +宾语 +形容词
You mustn’t sleep with the door open.
2）with +宾语+ 副词
He has a bad habit of sleeping with the light on.
3）with +宾语+ 介词短语
A woman came in with a baby in her arms.
4）with +宾语+不定式
With so much work to do, he could not go home.
5）with +宾语+现在分词
Coming into the school, we may find rows of classroom with trees standing in front of
them.
6）with +宾语+ 过去分词
With the task completed, we may have a good rest now.
【拓展】“with+复合宾语”在句中的作用
1)“with+复合宾语”结构在句中主要作状语.
如：With the old man leading, the soldiers started toward the mountains.
在老人的带领下,士兵们开始向山里进发.
Two soldiers stand at the gate with a gun in their hands.
两个士兵手里拿着枪站在大门口.
2)“with+复合宾语”结构可在句中作定语.如 ：
The room with the window half open is my bedroom. 那个半开窗户的屋子是我的卧室.
There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.
在白色的房子前面有很多排树.
【随时练】
______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
【答案与解析】答案C.选项和后面的名词及副词up构成with复合结构.整句意思为“产量增长了60%,公司又经历了一个极好的年头.”其他词不能构成此结构.
5．peace
【原句回放】About 30—40 remain after being left in peace with no hunting.（Warming up）
【点拨】peace
1）安静,平静
Don’t disturb her. Just leave her in peace for a while.
不要打扰她,让她安静一会儿.
There was a short peace, but then another war broke out.
短暂的和平后又有一场战争爆发.
2）治安
The UN troops were busy keeping the peace in that area.
联合国部队正忙于维持那个地区的治安.
3）和解,和睦
We tried to make peace with them.
我们试图和他们和解
【拓展】in peace 和平地,安心地
at peace 平静地
at peace with 与……处于和平状态（反义词at war with）
peaceful adj. 安静的
【随时练】
It is our hope that the two countries will live ____ forever.
A. in a peace B. in peace C. peaceful D. in peacefully
【答案与解析】 B.从句的意思是“两个国家永远和平相处”.A项的结构是不正确的；因为空白处要填状语,故C项不正确；D项,把in 去掉就可以了.
6．contain
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.(P26)
【点拨】contain
1）包含；装有
This book contains all the information you need. 这本书包含所有你需要的信息.
2）容纳
The hall can contain 500 people. 大厅能容纳500人.
3）抑制
She couldn’t contain herself for the joy. 她高兴得难以自制.
contain 和 include
contain 指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”.
include 指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去,使用“句子,including +被包括部分”.
【随时练】
1. In the accident, five passengers were killed, ______ a foreigner.
A. including B. included
C. include D. which were included
2. The bag ________ a lot of books ___________ some English books and history books.
【答案与解析】 1. A 2. contains；including
1. 本题考察的是include的一种特殊用法.从句子结构来说,已经有了主语和谓语,空格中就不应是谓
语,而是非谓语动词.此处including 可以看作介词用法.
2.书包中“装有”许多书籍,有容纳之意,故首空填contain.
7．protect...from
【原句回放】I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes. (Page 26)
【点拨】protect...from 保护……免受……危害
protect sb./ sth. from + n
protect sb./ oneself from +doing
protect A against B 保护A免遭B的危害
如：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光
I’ll protect you /myself from being insulted. 我将保护你（我自己）免受侮辱.
【拓展】 keep sb. from doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 均为阻止某人干某事
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
如：The school stopped the students from playing computer games. 学校阻止学生玩电脑游戏.
常用的词组：under the protection 在……的保护之下
a protection against/ from 防……的保护物
give /provide protection 提供保护
【随时练】
Flowers in our garden are well protected ______ the weather.
A. on B. to C. against D. with
【答案与解析】C.本题考查的是protect 与介词from 或against 连用的用法.表示“免遭”.
8．reserve
【原句回放】Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province (Warming up)
【点拨】 reserve
1) 保护区 n.
nature reserve自然保护区
We have large reserve of oil. 我们有很大的油区.
2) 储藏,贮备 n.
I must keep a good reserve of energy for tomorrow’s match.
我必须为了明天的比赛保留充足的体力.
3) 预约,预定 v.
I’d like to reserve a table for two. 我要预定一个两人桌.
4) 保留 v.
如：You’d better reserve some money for future need. 你最好为了将来贮备一些钱.
【拓展】reserved adj. 预定的
reservation n. 保留条件,预约,预定
in reserve 预备的,储备的
unreserved adj. 未预定的
【随时练】
1. We ’d like to _______a table for five for dinner this evening.
A. preserve B. reserve C. retain D. sustain
2. These rooms are _______for special guests.
A. occupied B. reserved C. reversed D. restored
【答案与解析】1.B 2.B
1. 本题意为：我们今天晚上5人用餐,想预订一个桌位. reserve预定,预约；preserve 保护,维
修；retain保持,保留； sustain 支撑,供养.
2．这也是考察词义的,原句意为：这些房间是为特殊的客人们预留的.其它选项B项形式相近,但含义
相去甚远.
9．endanger
【原句回放】as a result these endangered animals may even die out. (Warming up)
【点拨】endanger 使……遭受危害
如：Smoking endangers his health. 吸烟使他的身体遭受危害.
in danger 处于危险之中
如：The patient is in danger. 病人处在危险中.
【拓展】danger表达抽象意义“危险”时是不可数的名词,表达具体的“危险人物”时是可数的.
in danger 是指人或物本身处于危险中,受到外来的威胁.
be in danger of 有……危险
be out of danger 脱离危险
dangerous危险的,是指人,物,事态可能引起的危险的,对别人构成威胁的.
endangered adj. 濒危的
【随时练】
(1) The tiger is ______danger of dying out.
A. at B. in the C. in D. inside
(2) --- I hear Jack once was _______of losing his life.
--- Yes, But now he is _______.
A. in danger; out of danger B. in the danger; out of the danger
C. in the danger; out of danger D. in danger; out of the danger
【答案与解析】1. C 2. A
1. 句意：老虎处于灭绝的危险.danger用于这些含义时,前边不加冠词.
2. danger 表达抽象概念的时候,其前不加冠词.
10．recently
【原句回放】...animals, insects and birds died out more recently. (Page30)
【点拨】recently adv. 最近,新近,与过去时态和现在完成时态连用.
如：Did she have a party recently? 她最近举办过聚会吗?
They've recently bought a new car. 他们不久前买了一辆新汽车.
【拓展】
1）和一般过去时共同使用的时间状语：this morning,tonight,this April,once,before,
already,recently,lately等
如：I didn't go to school this morning. 我上午没有去上学.
2）现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till / until,up to
now,in past years,always, up to/till now 直到现在,ever since(then) 从那时起,in the
past few(three) years 在过去几年里
如：He has traveled to nearly twenty European cities so far.
到目前为止他已经走过了差不多20个欧洲国家.
3) 用于现在完成时的句型
(1) It is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时.
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
(2) This is the+形容词最高级+that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
【随时练】
I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written to B. doesn't write to
C. won't write to D. hadn't written to
【答案与解析】答案A.recently“近来的”意思,一般用于现在完成时,“不知道为什么Jenny近来没有给我们写信”,给现在造成的影响是“我们没有收到他的信”,所以选A.