英语翻译For millennia,selective breeding,on the basis of biparen

英语翻译
For millennia,selective breeding,on the basis of biparental
mating,has led to the successful improvement of plants and
animals to meet societal needs
1
.At a molecular level,DNA
shuffling mimics,yet accelerates,evolutionary processes,and
allows the breeding and improvement of individual genes and
subgenomic DNA fragments.We describe here whole-genome
shuffling; a process that combines the advantage ofmulti-parental
crossing allowed by DNA shuffling with the recombination of
entire genomes normally associated with conventional breeding.
We show that recursive genomic recombination within a popula-
tion of bacteria can efficiently generate combinatorial libraries of
new strains.When applied to a population of phenotypically
selected bacteria,many of these new strains show marked
improvements in the selected phenotype.We demonstrate the
use of this approach through the rapid improvement of tylosin
production from Streptomyces fradiae.This approach has the
potential to facilitate cell and metabolic engineering and provide
a non-recombinant alternative to the rapid production of
improved organisms.
Evolution is a continuous process of genetic variation and
phenotypic selection2
.Recombination within a selected population
amplifies the genetic diversity of the population by creating new
mutant combinations,and can thereby improve the performance of
individuals within the population.We are interested in the applica-
tion of recombination formats for the rapid improvement of
biological systems,and here describe its application to the improve-
ment of whole-microbial genomes.Although classical breeding
addresses entire genomes,it allows for recombination between
only two parents per generation.In contrast,DNA shuffling
addresses DNA fragments and allows for recombination between
multiple parents at each generation3
.The production of the result-
ing multi-parent ‘complex progeny’ is important for the marked
acceleration of directed evolution realized through DNA shuffling.
A practical combination of classical breeding and DNA shuffling
should thus provide a means rapidly to breed populations of
organisms to produce combinatorial libraries of complex progeny

几千年来,选育、biparental的基础上
交配,导致成功的改善植物和
动物来满足社会需求
1
.在分子水平、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)
shuf& # 64258,然而,模拟进化的过程,并开始加速,
允许饲养和改善单个基因
subgenomic DNA片段.我们在这里描述的基因
shuf& # 64258、工艺相结合,ofmulti-parental优势
shuf&交叉所允许的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA);与64258号的重组
整个基因组与传统育种技术.
我们的分析表明,递归在popula——基因组重组
对细菌可以ef& # 64257;地的组合图书馆产生的
新品系.当应用于人口phenotypically吗
选定的细菌,其中许多新品系显示的标志
在选定的表型改进.我们证明了
用这种方法通过快速改进泰
fradiae生产来源于链球菌.这个方法的
潜力和代谢工程,促进细胞提供
一个non-recombinant快速生产的替代品
改进的生物.
进化是一个连续的过程中,遗传变异
selection2表型
.在选定的人口.重组
ampli& # 64257胚胎的遗传多样性;通过创造新的人口
突变组合,从而提高了性能
个人在人口我们有兴趣并-
格式的重组的迅速得到提高
这里描述的生物系统中的应用,并对提高-
whole-microbial的基因组.虽然经典的繁殖
地址,它让整个基因组之间的重组
只有两个父母/世代.相反,shuf& # 64258、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)
地址的DNA片段,允许重组之间
在每个generation3多重的父母
.生产的结果
multi-parent子代”的复杂时是很重要的,因为这个标志
通过定向进化实现加速shuf& # 64258、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA).
一个实际的结合古典育种和DNA shuf& # 64258;
如此也提供了一种方式迅速繁殖种群的
有机体生成组合图书馆复杂的后代