英语翻译The existence of trade secrets The subject matter of a t

英语翻译
The existence of trade secrets
The subject matter of a trade secret must,as its name implies,be kept secret.Persons other than the owner may know of the secret.However,confidential disclosure to employees or others bound to secrecy will not destroy the status of the trade secret.A substantial element of secrecy must exist.Information generally known to the public or inside a particular industry is not typically afforded trade secret protection.While secrecy need not to be absolute,it must be sufficient to confer actual or potential economic advantage on one who possesses the information.Thus the requirement of secrecy is satisfied if it would be difficult or costly for others to acquire and exploit the information without resorting to some form of wrongful conduct.
Trade secret protection has been extended to a wide spectrum of information.While trade secrets are often equated with processes or product development,services can also constitute trade secrets provided they meet the abovementioned requirements.Even negative information,so-called "negative know-how",such as research options that have been explored and found worthless,can be a trade secret.
The following are a few sample categories3 :
• data compilations,for example lists of customers (the more information a list contains,the more likely it is to qualify for trade secret protection),for example a list of customers ranked by how profitable their business is;
• designs,drawings,architectural plans,blueprints and maps;
• valuable business information such as business strategies,methods of doing business and marketing plans,for example a company's plan to launch a new product;
• costs and price information;
• information about research and development activities;
• "negative know-how",for example research revealing that a new type of drug is ineffective;
• algorithms and processes that are implemented in computer programs,and the computer programs themselves;
• manufacturing technology or repair processes and techniques;
• document tracking processes;
• schedules,manuals,ingredients;
• prototypes;
• formulas,for example the formula of Coca-Cola (perhaps the world's most famous trade secret4 ).
A trade secret may be made up of a combination of characteristics and components,each of which by itself is in the public domain,but where the unified process,design and operation of such characteristics or components provides a competitive advantage.
Although trade secrets may elude precise definition,they are nevertheless valuable property.However,as the US Supreme Court recognized,once secrecy is lost,the property interest is destroyed forever.

存在的贸易机密
此事的商业秘密,必须作为其顾名思义,予以保密.以外的其他人士,业主可能知道的秘密.然而,披露机密的雇员或其他人势必将保密摧不垮的地位,商业秘密.大量元素的保密必须存在.信息一般被称为向公众或内某一行业通常不给予商业秘密保护.而保密的需要不被绝对的,它必须有足够的赋予实际或潜在的经济优势,对一个人拥有的资料.因此,要求保密是满意的,如果将难以或昂贵的为他人获取和利用信息,而不诉诸某种形式的不当行为.
商业秘密保护已扩大到广泛的信息.同时,贸易机密,往往等同于工序或产品开发,服务,也可以构成商业秘密提供他们满足上述要求.甚至出现负的信息,因此,所谓的“负面诀窍” ,如研究方案,已探索和发现毫无价值,可以成为商业秘密.
以下是几个样品categories3 ：
•数据汇编,例如客户名单（更多信息清单载,越有可能是要符合商业秘密保护） ,例如客户清单排名如何有利可图的生意是;
•设计,素描,建筑图,图纸和地图;
•有价值的商业信息,如商业策略,方法,做生意和营销计划,例如一间公司的计划,以推出新产品;
•成本和价格信息;
•信息的研究和开发活动;
• “负诀窍” ,例如研究显示,一种新型的药物是无效的;
•算法和进程,实施在电脑程式,和电脑程式本身;
•制造技术或修理工艺和技术;
•文件跟踪进程;
•附表,手册,成分;
•原型;
•公式,例如公式,可口可乐（也许是世界上最著名的贸易secret4 ） .
商业秘密可能会成立一个组合的特点和组成,其中每一项本身是在公共领域,但在统一的过程中,设计和操作等特点,或组件提供了一个竞争优势.
虽然贸易机密,可能逃避确切的定义,但它们仍然是宝贵的财产.然而,由于美国联邦最高法院承认,一旦保密是败诉,财产利益是永远摧毁.