还有一段,还是英译汉哈.

还有一段,还是英译汉哈.
Tannenbaum and Kaplan
(1985) and Huizinga et al.(1987) reported
that the production of C1–C6 hydrocarbons from
kerogen could be up to five times higher due to
catalytic activity of montmorillonite.Catalysis of
montmorillonite was even more significant during
pyrolysis of bitumen than for kerogen.Catalytic
effects on the thermal evolution of bitumen are less
important for illite and have almost no influence
for calcite.Karabakan and Yu¨ru¨m (1998) investigated
the effect of the mineral matrix of oil shales
on the conversion of kerogen into organic material
in pyrolytic reactions.They found that pyrolytic
reactions were catalyzed by alkaline earth metal
cations in carbonates and inhibited by silicates.
Results from Hetenyi (1995) show that montmorillonite
slightly reduced,and calcite slightly
enhanced the formation of oil-like products from
coals.A catalytic effect of minerals in such complex
geological and chemical systems seems hard
to demonstrate or rule out and its magnitude cannot
be easily evaluated.Nevertheless,catalytic
decomposition of residual oil into light petroleum
compounds is possible,as we compared the pyrolysis
yields of different hydrocarbon fractions from
clastic and carbonate matrix heavy oils.For
adsorption,most authors consider clays and especially
montmorillonite to be very active in adsorption
of products,while calcite has no adsorption
capacity for any of the pyrolysate (Huizinga
et al.,1987; Hetenyi,1995; Li et al.,1998).Therefore,
higher adsorption by a clastic rather than carbonate
matrix may be expected in the present
study.Bitumen can be stored in three ways in
the reservoir:as free bitumen trapped in pore
spaces,as adsorbed bitumen on minerals,or as
fluid inclusions.Commonly,the bitumen in fluid
inclusions is the hardest to crack and adsorbed
bitumen on mineral surfaces is also partially protected
from cracking.Free bitumen is the easiest
to crack.
In the present study,the various quantities of
samples employed in these experiments may cause
some uncertainty in interpreting catalytic and
adsorptive effects on thermal evolution from the
clastic and carbonate matrix sample suite.However,
the differences between them are clear even though
the common characteristics in term of secondary hydrocarbon generation can be observed (Table 2).

Tannenbaum and Kaplan(1985) and Huizinga et al.(1987) 报道中说,由于蒙脱石的催化作用,从甘洛根中提取的C1-C6碳氢化合物产量高出5倍.蒙脱石在沥青的高温分解中的作用甚至比在甘洛根中的作用更为显著.催化作用在沥青的热进化中的影响不如伊利石重大,在方解石中最为显著.Karabakan and Yu¨ru¨m (1998) 调查了油页岩中的矿物质在甘洛根转变成有机质的热解反应中的影响.他们发现热解反应是碳酸盐中的碱土金属阳离子的催化作用和硅酸盐的抑制作用.Hetenyi (1995)的调查结果表明蒙脱石略有减少了煤炭中油状物质的构成,而方解石却提高了煤炭中油状物质的构成.矿物质的催化作用在如此复杂的地质,化学系统中看起来很难证实或者排除,它的重要性也很难被评估.在我们比较从碎屑岩和碳酸盐基质重油中高温分解出来的不同的碳氢化合物部分后得出了一个结论：从油渣中分解出复合轻质原油并非不可能.就吸附作用而言,大多数学者认为陶土和特殊的高岭石对物体时有高吸附作用的,而方解石对于任何热解物是不具备吸附性的(Huizinga及其他人.,1987提出; Hetenyi,1995提出; Li 及其他人.,1998提出)因此,我们本次研究着重于高吸附性的可分解性细胞基质,而不是碳酸细胞基质.
沥青通常以三种方式大量存在：1 残留在植物空隙内的游离沥青 2 矿物质上附着的沥青 3 呈液体状储存的沥青.
通常,液体沥青是最难被裂化和吸附的,矿物质上面的沥青也不易被裂化,只有游离沥青石最容易被裂化的.
在目前的学习研究中,大量参差不齐的样品使我们在诠释可分解性细胞基质和碳酸细胞基质在热演化过程中生成的催化和吸附作用时带有太多的不确定性.但是,尽管二次生烃作为他们的共性是显而易见的,他们之间的差异也不可忽视.