英语翻译A maize QTL for silk maysin levels contains duplicated M

英语翻译
A maize QTL for silk maysin levels contains duplicated Myb-homologous
genes which jointly regulate flavone biosynthesis
Flavonoids are a class of structurally diverse secondary
metabolites widely distributed in the plant
kingdom and serving a variety of functions.Certain
flavonoids play important roles in reproduction:for
example,anthocyanins comprise the common red and
blue floral pigments that attract insect pollinators (Mol
et al.,1998);whereas,flavonols are required for pollen
germination and tube growth in maize and petunia
(Mo et al.,1992; van der Meer et al.,1992; Napoli
et al.,1999),but not Arabidopsis (Ylstra et al.,1996).
Other flavonoids are involved in various structural and
protective functions in plants,including plant tissue
reinforcement,protection from ultraviolet light irradiation,
and defense against pathogen infection and
insect feeding (for review,see Koes et al.1994).In addition
to their diverse roles in plants,many flavonoids
are potent antioxidants with potentially significant
benefits in human health and medical applications
(reviewed in Carroll et al.1998; Samman et al.,1998).
Long before the diverse functions of flavonoids
were characterized,their widespread occurrence as
non-essential floral pigments has made them ideal
markers for genetic analysis in plants.The early classical
genetic studies have led to the molecular isolation,
often via transposon tagging,of a number of
structural and regulatory genes required for flavonoid
biosynthesis in several plant species,including maize
(Figure 1; reviewed by Dooner et al.,1991).Many
maize lines accumulate red flavonoid pigments termed
phlobaphenes in certain floral organs,including kernel
pericarp and cob glume.Phlobaphene biosynthesis
is regulated by the maize p1 gene,which encodes
a Myb-homologous transcription activator of genes
encoding flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes

水平的丝绸maysin Myb蛋白玉米的QTL包含重复的同源
共同的基因调控黄酮生物合成
黄酮类化合物是一类结构不同的中学
代谢物广泛分布于植物
王国和服务的多种功能.某些
黄酮发挥再生产的重要作用：为
例如,红色的花青素和共同组成
蓝色,吸引昆虫授粉（摩尔花色素
等,1998）.然而,黄酮醇是花粉需要
萌发和花粉管生长的玉米和矮牵牛
（钼等,1992;.凡德尔米尔等,1992;那不勒斯
等.,1999）,但不拟南芥（Ylstra等.,1996）.
其他黄酮类化合物参与各种结构性和
在植物保护功能,包括植物组织
加固,保护免受紫外线照射,
和抵御病原体感染
昆虫饲养（审阅,见Koes等.1994）.此外
他们在植物不同的角色,许多黄酮
是强有力的抗氧化剂具有潜在的重大
人类健康福利和医疗应用
（卡罗尔等人在1998年检讨.Samman等,1998.）.
很久以前,黄酮类化合物的多种功能
的特点,他们普遍发生的
非必要花色素,使他们的理想选择
在植物遗传标记分析.早期的经典
基因研究已导致分子隔离,
经常通过转座子标签的数目,
所需的类黄酮的结构和调控基因
合成多种植物,包括玉米
（图1.审查Dooner等,1991）.许多
玉米品系积累红色颜料称为类黄酮
在某些花器官phlobaphenes,包括内核
果皮和穗轴颖. Phlobaphene合成
是受玉米P1基因,它编码
一Myb蛋白同源基因的转录激活
类黄酮生物合成酶的编码