英语翻译MeasurementThere are two measurements of a merchant ship

英语翻译
Measurement
There are two measurements of a merchant ship’s earning capacity which are of fundamental importance to its design and operation.These are deadweight and tonnage.Deadweight is related to the weight of cargo and tonnage is related to the volume of cargo.
The deadweight of a ship is the difference between the load displacement up to the minimum permitted freeboard and the light displacement.The lightweight comprises hull weight and machinery weight.Deadweight is therefore the weight of all cargo,oil bunkers,fresh and feed water,stores,crew and effects.The weight of the cargo alone is called the cargo deadweight.
A coefficient used in the early estimation of dimensions and in the study of economics is the ratio of deadweight to deep displacement,this is called the deadweight ratio or deadweight coefficient and normally refers to summer load draught.The deadweight coefficient for the parent ship will be a guide for the new design,since there is considerable variation in apparently similar ships,these should be treated with caution.
The volume of a ship is expressed in tons of 100 ft3 (2.83m3) and is referred to as its tonnage.On its tonnage are based the charges for berthing the ship,docking,passage through canals and locks,and for many other facilities.
There are two tonnages of primary interest no matter which authority is measuring or registering the ship.These are gross tonnage and register tonnage (net).The regulations governing their measurement are complicated but are summarized for the British Tonnage Regulations below.
The tonnage deck is the upper deck in vessels having one deck and the second deck in all other cases.Spaces above are 'tween decks and superstructures.
The underdeck tonnage is the total volume in tons of 100 ft3 of the ship below the tonnage deck to the inside of frames,underside of deck plating and above the inner bottom.This is obtained by detailed calculations,in a manner somewhat similar to that for displacement calculations and varies in detail for individual regulations; tonnage measured according to the tonnage regulations may,therefore,be slightly different from the actual volume of the spaces below the tonnage deck calculated for,say,cargo capacity.
The overdeck tonnage is the volume to the inside of frames and deck plating of the 'tween decks,poop,bridge,forecastle,deckhouses and erections above the tonnage deck less the exempted spaces.Spaces exempted include certain closed-in spaces associated with machinery,safety equipment,navigation,galleys,washrooms,water ballast and workshops.The gross tonnage is the sum of the underdeck and overdeck tonnages plus volumes of hatchways (less one-half per cent of gross tonnage computed without hatchways),plus light and air spaces which are included at the owner’s request in the measurement of the machinery spaces.

测量
有两种测量对一艘商船的收入能力是至关重要的设计和操作.这些都是无谓和吨位.载重量有关货物的重量和吨位与数量的货物.
该载重吨的船舶之间的区别是满载排水量达到最低允许舷和轻流离失所.轻量级包括船体重量和机械重量.载重吨因此重量的所有货物,石油燃料,淡水和给水,商店,机组人员和影响.重量的货物就有所谓的货物载重量.
系数用于早期估计的尺寸和研究经济学的比率载重吨,以深部位移,这就是所谓的载重量比或载重量系数,通常是指夏季载重吃水.系数的载重量为母公司船舶将指导新的设计,因为有相当大的变化显然类似船舶,这些应谨慎对待.
数量的船舶中表示吨一零零立方英尺（二点八三立方米）和被称为其吨位.其总吨位为基础的收费停泊的船舶,码头,通过运河和门锁,以及许多其他设施.
有两个主要关心的吨位不管哪个管理局测量或登记的船舶.这些是总吨位和注册吨位（净额） .该条例的测量复杂,但归纳为英国吨位规例如下.
吨位甲板上层的船只有一个甲板和第二层在所有其他情况下.位以上的'吐温甲板和上层建筑.
该舱内吨位总量在万吨一零零立方英尺船舶甲板以下吨位的框架内,底部的甲板电镀及以上的内底.这是得到了详细的计算方式,有点类似于位移的计算和不同的个人详细规定;吨位衡量按照吨位规例可能,因此,稍有不同的实际数量的空格甲板下方的吨位计算的,也就是说,货运能力.
该overdeck吨位数量的内部框架和甲板电镀的'吐温甲板,船尾楼,桥梁,前甲板,甲板室和勃起的吨位甲板以上不到豁免空格.空间免除包括一些封闭的空间相关的机械,安全设备,导航,厨房,洗手间,水镇流器和讲习班.是的总吨位的总和,舱内和overdeck吨位加上大量的升降口（不到一半百分之总吨位计算没有升降口） ,加上光线和空气的空间已包括在拥有者的要求在测量机舱.