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定向求助英语张老师.there be(to be/being)的用法.

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定向求助英语张老师.there be(to be/being)的用法.
一、概说
英语中的there
be结构主要表示某处存在有某物,所以通常被称为存在句.其中的there为状语或者表语(因为相当于一个介词结构),be为谓语动词,there be后面的名词为句子主语.
二、难点
There(表语) is(系动词) a boy(主语) in the water(状语)
(为倒装句:a boy is (there要省略,避免重复) in the water.)
Here(表语) is(系动词) another(定语) photograph(主语)?
(another photograph is here.)
There is no knowing(主语) what may happen.
(no knowing is what mayhappen(there这里一般不省略好))
通常说:How many students are there in the classroom?也可以说:How many students are in theclassroom?(不如上句用得多)
--(in the classroom are how many students(there一般不用了,这与上面不矛盾.))
——关于how many…are there…句式中省略there 的例句:
How many letters are in your name?你的名字有多少个字母?
(in your name are howmany letters)
How many tracks are on the CD?这张激光唱片上有多少首乐曲?
(one the CD are how manytracks)
以上的难点是我对句子成分的瓜分,)
三,主谓一致问题
:若只有一个主语,谓语的数则取决于该主语的数;若有几个主语并列,则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致:(这是因为这是个倒装句,但是却没有关系.)
There is a man at the door.门口有个人.
(aman is at the door(there=at the door))
There are some girls in the room.房间里有几个女孩.
(somegirls are there(there=in the room))
四,
there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现,它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式:
There is going to be an English film tonight.今晚将有一场英语电影.
(an
English film is going to be there tonight )
There was a lot to be done.有很多事要做.
(A lot
was to be done there)
There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳.
Some children
were (there去掉)
swimming in the river.
There had been two sea fights between them.他们之间发生了两场海战.
(Two
sea fights between them had been there.)
【【不够了,我在求助】】
定向求助英语张老师.there be(to be/being)的用法.
所提问题貌视一大堆,其实归纳出来只是有关 there be 的特殊性问题.事实上你已经把there be的用法要点总结出来了,我这里再从另一个角度帮你描述一下.

  1、there 称作存在句的“引导词”,是由其本意“在那里”弱化而构成存在句 there be(有/存在)这一层意思

  2、there be 是一种倒装句,其主语出现在系动词 be 后,是“主系表”的一种特殊结构,there 可以视作表语.

  3、“there be +主语”可以附加状语,说明主语存在的处所或时间.主语可以是介词短语,也可以是表示处所或时间的副词,如:

  There is a boat (in the river) —— 附加的介词短语作处所状语
  There is meeting (today). —— 附加的副词作时间状语
  There are some trees (there) —— 附加的副词作处所状语(注意:引导词失去了本意,如果要表示“在那个地方”,需要另外加与引导词同形的 there)

  4、there be 的主谓一致要遵循就近原则,即 be 要与离它最近的主语保持一致,如:

  There is an adult and some children.
  There are some children and an adult.

  5、表示“某人/某物在某处”时,“there be + 主语 + 状语”和“主语 + be + 表语”是同义句,但是意思略有不同,如:

  There is a boat in the river. —— 强调河里“有”船
  A boat is in the river. —— 强调船“在”河里

  6、there be 有时用于加强语气以引起人的注意,如:

  There is the bus. 公共汽车来了.(= There comes the bus.)
  There is the bell. 铃响了.(There goes the bell)
  There it is. (目的地)到了/那不就是(需要的对象)/情况就是这样
  There they are. 他们/它们就在那儿
  (注意,如果用人称代词作主语,必须要把主语放在系动词前)

  7、there be 中的主语可以带有用不定式或分词作定语

  There was a lot to be done. 有很多事要做.(不定式短语to be done 修饰不定代词 a lot,表示说话后要进行的许多事情)
  There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳.(现在分词短语swimming in the river 修饰children,表示说话时正在河里游泳的孩子们)
  There was a lot done yesterday. 有许多事昨天已经做完.(过去分词短语done yesterday修饰 a lot,表示昨天已经做了的许多事情)

  8、be 是动词,可以用作各种时态,表示不同时段存在的事物或人(例句略)
  
再问: 过去分词短语done yesterday?? 什么是过去分词短语?
再答: 过去分词加上它的连带成分(宾语或表语)及附加成分(状语)就称作过去分词短语。