定语从句和不定式修饰的成分有什么区别啊?
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定语从句和不定式修饰的成分有什么区别啊?
若能互换,则无区别.
下面说说定语从句和不定式可以互换的条件.
首先,要清楚动词不定式用于表示尚未发生的动作(相对于谓语动词).如:
She has lots of homework to do tonight.(作业还没做)
Have you got something to eat?(这些东西还没被吃掉)
这就意味着,不定式做定语时,它所表达的这个动作尚未发生.
要想定语从句和不定式互换,
条件之一:定语从句表达的动作应该是现在时或将来时(即相对于主句的谓语,它还没发生).
条件之二:先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
如:句子:Mary今晚有许多作业要做.
Mary has lots of homework which has to be done tonight.
(定语从句表达的作业还没做;homework在从句中当主语).
Mary has lots of homework (which) she has to do tonight.
(定语从句表达的作业还没做;homework在从句中当宾语).
这两句话都符合上述两条件,可以用动词不定式代替:
Mary has lots of homework to do tonight.
又如:
The car which he is going to buy is for his lover instead of his wife.
= The car to be bought is for his lover instead of his wife.
但是,
The car which he bought yesterday is for his lover instead of his wife.就不能用不定式来替代了.因为车已经买了.
即使符合上述条件,尽管在语法上成立,出于行文的考虑,并不是定语从句和不定式都可以随便对换,这关系到行文的约定俗成和句子的简繁.
下面说说定语从句和不定式可以互换的条件.
首先,要清楚动词不定式用于表示尚未发生的动作(相对于谓语动词).如:
She has lots of homework to do tonight.(作业还没做)
Have you got something to eat?(这些东西还没被吃掉)
这就意味着,不定式做定语时,它所表达的这个动作尚未发生.
要想定语从句和不定式互换,
条件之一:定语从句表达的动作应该是现在时或将来时(即相对于主句的谓语,它还没发生).
条件之二:先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
如:句子:Mary今晚有许多作业要做.
Mary has lots of homework which has to be done tonight.
(定语从句表达的作业还没做;homework在从句中当主语).
Mary has lots of homework (which) she has to do tonight.
(定语从句表达的作业还没做;homework在从句中当宾语).
这两句话都符合上述两条件,可以用动词不定式代替:
Mary has lots of homework to do tonight.
又如:
The car which he is going to buy is for his lover instead of his wife.
= The car to be bought is for his lover instead of his wife.
但是,
The car which he bought yesterday is for his lover instead of his wife.就不能用不定式来替代了.因为车已经买了.
即使符合上述条件,尽管在语法上成立,出于行文的考虑,并不是定语从句和不定式都可以随便对换,这关系到行文的约定俗成和句子的简繁.
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