大师作文网请问谁有关于武术国际发展现状的短文,与申奥有关的也行,英文的.
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请问谁有关于武术国际发展现状的短文,与申奥有关的也行,英文的.
Chinese martial arts, popularly referred to as kung fu or gung fu (Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu), and also by the Mandarin Chinese term wushu (simplified Chinese: 武术; traditional Chinese: 武术; pinyin: wǔshù), are a number of fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China.
These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits,
identified as "families" (家, jiā), "sects" (派, pài) or "schools" (门,
mén) of martial arts. Examples of such traits include physical exercises
involving animal mimicry, or training methods inspired by Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳, nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳, wàijiāquán). Geographical association, as in northern (北拳, běiquán) and southern (南拳, nánquán), is another popular classification method.
Terminology
Kung fu and wushu are terms that have been borrowed into English to refer to Chinese martial arts. However, the Chinese terms kung fu and wushu listen (Mandarin) (help·info); Cantonese: móuh-seuht) have distinct meanings;[1] the Chinese literal equivalent of "Chinese martial art" would be Zhongguo wushu (Chinese: 中国武术; pinyin: zhōngguó wǔshù).
Wǔshù literally means "martial art". It is formed from the two words 武术: 武 (wǔ), meaning "martial" or "military" and 术 (shù), which translates into "discipline", "skill" or "method."
The term wushu has also become the name for the modern sport of wushu, an exhibition and full-contact sport of bare-handed and weapons forms (Chinese: 套路, pinyin: tàolù), adapted and judged to a set of aesthetic criteria for points developed since 1949 in the People's Republic of China.[2][3]
Quan fa (拳法) is another Chinese term for Chinese martial arts. It means "fist principles" or "the law of the fist" (Quan means "fist" and fa means "law", "way" or "study"). The name of the Japanese martial art Kenpō is represented by the same characters.
The term "kung fu"
Main article: Kung fu (term)
In Chinese, kung fu (功夫, gōng meaning "work" or "achievement" and either fū, "man", or fu,
a particle or suffix that can mean "intensity") can also be used in
contexts completely unrelated to martial arts, and refers to any
individual accomplishment or skill cultivated through long effort and
hard work.[1] It is only in the late twentieth century, that this term was used in relation to martial arts by the Chinese community.[4][5]Wushu is a more precise term for general martial activities.History
The genesis of Chinese martial arts has been attributed to the need for self-defense, hunting techniques and military training in ancient China. Hand-to-hand combat and weapons practice were important in training ancient Chinese soldiers.[6][7]
Detailed knowledge about the state and development of Chinese martial arts becomes available from the Nanjing decade (1928–1937), as the Central Guoshu Institute established by the Kuomintang regime made an effort to compile an encyclopedic survey of martial arts schools. Since the 1950s, the People's Republic of China has organized Chinese martial arts as an exhibition and full-contact sport under the heading of Wushu.
Legendary origins
According to legend, Chinese martial arts originated during the semi-mythical Xia Dynasty (夏朝) more than 4,000 years ago.[8] It is said the Yellow EmperorHuangdi (legendary date of ascension 2698 BCE) introduced the earliest fighting systems to China.[9]
The Yellow Emperor is described as a famous general who, before
becoming China’s leader, wrote lengthy treatises on medicine, astrology
and the martial arts. One of his main opponents was Chi You (蚩尤) who was credited as the creator of jiao di, a forerunner to the modern art of Chinese Wrestling.[10]Early history
The earliest references to Chinese martial arts are found in the Spring and Autumn Annals (5th century BCE),[11] where a hand to hand combat theory, including the integration of notions of "hard" and "soft" techniques, is mentioned.[12] A combat wrestling system called juélì or jiǎolì (角力) is mentioned in the Classic of Rites.[13] This combat system included techniques such as strikes, throws, joint manipulation, and pressure point attacks. Jiao Di became a sport during the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE). The Han History Bibliographies record that, by the Former Han (206 BCE – 8 CE), there was a distinction between no-holds-barred weaponless fighting, which it calls shǒubó
(手搏), for which training manuals had already been written, and sportive
wrestling, then known as juélì (角力). Wrestling is also documented in
the Shǐ Jì, Records of the Grand Historian, written by Sima Qian (ca. 100 BCE).[14]
Terminology
Kung fu and wushu are terms that have been borrowed into English to refer to Chinese martial arts. However, the Chinese terms kung fu and wushu listen (Mandarin) (help·info); Cantonese: móuh-seuht) have distinct meanings;[1] the Chinese literal equivalent of "Chinese martial art" would be Zhongguo wushu (Chinese: 中国武术; pinyin: zhōngguó wǔshù).
Wǔshù literally means "martial art". It is formed from the two words 武术: 武 (wǔ), meaning "martial" or "military" and 术 (shù), which translates into "discipline", "skill" or "method."
The term wushu has also become the name for the modern sport of wushu, an exhibition and full-contact sport of bare-handed and weapons forms (Chinese: 套路, pinyin: tàolù), adapted and judged to a set of aesthetic criteria for points developed since 1949 in the People's Republic of China.[2][3]
Quan fa (拳法) is another Chinese term for Chinese martial arts. It means "fist principles" or "the law of the fist" (Quan means "fist" and fa means "law", "way" or "study"). The name of the Japanese martial art Kenpō is represented by the same characters.
The term "kung fu"
Main article: Kung fu (term)
In Chinese, kung fu (功夫, gōng meaning "work" or "achievement" and either fū, "man", or fu,
a particle or suffix that can mean "intensity") can also be used in
contexts completely unrelated to martial arts, and refers to any
individual accomplishment or skill cultivated through long effort and
hard work.[1] It is only in the late twentieth century, that this term was used in relation to martial arts by the Chinese community.[4][5]Wushu is a more precise term for general martial activities.History
The genesis of Chinese martial arts has been attributed to the need for self-defense, hunting techniques and military training in ancient China. Hand-to-hand combat and weapons practice were important in training ancient Chinese soldiers.[6][7]
Detailed knowledge about the state and development of Chinese martial arts becomes available from the Nanjing decade (1928–1937), as the Central Guoshu Institute established by the Kuomintang regime made an effort to compile an encyclopedic survey of martial arts schools. Since the 1950s, the People's Republic of China has organized Chinese martial arts as an exhibition and full-contact sport under the heading of Wushu.
Legendary origins
According to legend, Chinese martial arts originated during the semi-mythical Xia Dynasty (夏朝) more than 4,000 years ago.[8] It is said the Yellow EmperorHuangdi (legendary date of ascension 2698 BCE) introduced the earliest fighting systems to China.[9]
The Yellow Emperor is described as a famous general who, before
becoming China’s leader, wrote lengthy treatises on medicine, astrology
and the martial arts. One of his main opponents was Chi You (蚩尤) who was credited as the creator of jiao di, a forerunner to the modern art of Chinese Wrestling.[10]Early history
The earliest references to Chinese martial arts are found in the Spring and Autumn Annals (5th century BCE),[11] where a hand to hand combat theory, including the integration of notions of "hard" and "soft" techniques, is mentioned.[12] A combat wrestling system called juélì or jiǎolì (角力) is mentioned in the Classic of Rites.[13] This combat system included techniques such as strikes, throws, joint manipulation, and pressure point attacks. Jiao Di became a sport during the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE). The Han History Bibliographies record that, by the Former Han (206 BCE – 8 CE), there was a distinction between no-holds-barred weaponless fighting, which it calls shǒubó
(手搏), for which training manuals had already been written, and sportive
wrestling, then known as juélì (角力). Wrestling is also documented in
the Shǐ Jì, Records of the Grand Historian, written by Sima Qian (ca. 100 BCE).[14]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wushu_%28term%29#Terminology
These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits,
identified as "families" (家, jiā), "sects" (派, pài) or "schools" (门,
mén) of martial arts. Examples of such traits include physical exercises
involving animal mimicry, or training methods inspired by Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳, nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳, wàijiāquán). Geographical association, as in northern (北拳, běiquán) and southern (南拳, nánquán), is another popular classification method.
Terminology
Kung fu and wushu are terms that have been borrowed into English to refer to Chinese martial arts. However, the Chinese terms kung fu and wushu listen (Mandarin) (help·info); Cantonese: móuh-seuht) have distinct meanings;[1] the Chinese literal equivalent of "Chinese martial art" would be Zhongguo wushu (Chinese: 中国武术; pinyin: zhōngguó wǔshù).
Wǔshù literally means "martial art". It is formed from the two words 武术: 武 (wǔ), meaning "martial" or "military" and 术 (shù), which translates into "discipline", "skill" or "method."
The term wushu has also become the name for the modern sport of wushu, an exhibition and full-contact sport of bare-handed and weapons forms (Chinese: 套路, pinyin: tàolù), adapted and judged to a set of aesthetic criteria for points developed since 1949 in the People's Republic of China.[2][3]
Quan fa (拳法) is another Chinese term for Chinese martial arts. It means "fist principles" or "the law of the fist" (Quan means "fist" and fa means "law", "way" or "study"). The name of the Japanese martial art Kenpō is represented by the same characters.
The term "kung fu"
Main article: Kung fu (term)
In Chinese, kung fu (功夫, gōng meaning "work" or "achievement" and either fū, "man", or fu,
a particle or suffix that can mean "intensity") can also be used in
contexts completely unrelated to martial arts, and refers to any
individual accomplishment or skill cultivated through long effort and
hard work.[1] It is only in the late twentieth century, that this term was used in relation to martial arts by the Chinese community.[4][5]Wushu is a more precise term for general martial activities.History
The genesis of Chinese martial arts has been attributed to the need for self-defense, hunting techniques and military training in ancient China. Hand-to-hand combat and weapons practice were important in training ancient Chinese soldiers.[6][7]
Detailed knowledge about the state and development of Chinese martial arts becomes available from the Nanjing decade (1928–1937), as the Central Guoshu Institute established by the Kuomintang regime made an effort to compile an encyclopedic survey of martial arts schools. Since the 1950s, the People's Republic of China has organized Chinese martial arts as an exhibition and full-contact sport under the heading of Wushu.
Legendary origins
According to legend, Chinese martial arts originated during the semi-mythical Xia Dynasty (夏朝) more than 4,000 years ago.[8] It is said the Yellow EmperorHuangdi (legendary date of ascension 2698 BCE) introduced the earliest fighting systems to China.[9]
The Yellow Emperor is described as a famous general who, before
becoming China’s leader, wrote lengthy treatises on medicine, astrology
and the martial arts. One of his main opponents was Chi You (蚩尤) who was credited as the creator of jiao di, a forerunner to the modern art of Chinese Wrestling.[10]Early history
The earliest references to Chinese martial arts are found in the Spring and Autumn Annals (5th century BCE),[11] where a hand to hand combat theory, including the integration of notions of "hard" and "soft" techniques, is mentioned.[12] A combat wrestling system called juélì or jiǎolì (角力) is mentioned in the Classic of Rites.[13] This combat system included techniques such as strikes, throws, joint manipulation, and pressure point attacks. Jiao Di became a sport during the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE). The Han History Bibliographies record that, by the Former Han (206 BCE – 8 CE), there was a distinction between no-holds-barred weaponless fighting, which it calls shǒubó
(手搏), for which training manuals had already been written, and sportive
wrestling, then known as juélì (角力). Wrestling is also documented in
the Shǐ Jì, Records of the Grand Historian, written by Sima Qian (ca. 100 BCE).[14]
Terminology
Kung fu and wushu are terms that have been borrowed into English to refer to Chinese martial arts. However, the Chinese terms kung fu and wushu listen (Mandarin) (help·info); Cantonese: móuh-seuht) have distinct meanings;[1] the Chinese literal equivalent of "Chinese martial art" would be Zhongguo wushu (Chinese: 中国武术; pinyin: zhōngguó wǔshù).
Wǔshù literally means "martial art". It is formed from the two words 武术: 武 (wǔ), meaning "martial" or "military" and 术 (shù), which translates into "discipline", "skill" or "method."
The term wushu has also become the name for the modern sport of wushu, an exhibition and full-contact sport of bare-handed and weapons forms (Chinese: 套路, pinyin: tàolù), adapted and judged to a set of aesthetic criteria for points developed since 1949 in the People's Republic of China.[2][3]
Quan fa (拳法) is another Chinese term for Chinese martial arts. It means "fist principles" or "the law of the fist" (Quan means "fist" and fa means "law", "way" or "study"). The name of the Japanese martial art Kenpō is represented by the same characters.
The term "kung fu"
Main article: Kung fu (term)
In Chinese, kung fu (功夫, gōng meaning "work" or "achievement" and either fū, "man", or fu,
a particle or suffix that can mean "intensity") can also be used in
contexts completely unrelated to martial arts, and refers to any
individual accomplishment or skill cultivated through long effort and
hard work.[1] It is only in the late twentieth century, that this term was used in relation to martial arts by the Chinese community.[4][5]Wushu is a more precise term for general martial activities.History
The genesis of Chinese martial arts has been attributed to the need for self-defense, hunting techniques and military training in ancient China. Hand-to-hand combat and weapons practice were important in training ancient Chinese soldiers.[6][7]
Detailed knowledge about the state and development of Chinese martial arts becomes available from the Nanjing decade (1928–1937), as the Central Guoshu Institute established by the Kuomintang regime made an effort to compile an encyclopedic survey of martial arts schools. Since the 1950s, the People's Republic of China has organized Chinese martial arts as an exhibition and full-contact sport under the heading of Wushu.
Legendary origins
According to legend, Chinese martial arts originated during the semi-mythical Xia Dynasty (夏朝) more than 4,000 years ago.[8] It is said the Yellow EmperorHuangdi (legendary date of ascension 2698 BCE) introduced the earliest fighting systems to China.[9]
The Yellow Emperor is described as a famous general who, before
becoming China’s leader, wrote lengthy treatises on medicine, astrology
and the martial arts. One of his main opponents was Chi You (蚩尤) who was credited as the creator of jiao di, a forerunner to the modern art of Chinese Wrestling.[10]Early history
The earliest references to Chinese martial arts are found in the Spring and Autumn Annals (5th century BCE),[11] where a hand to hand combat theory, including the integration of notions of "hard" and "soft" techniques, is mentioned.[12] A combat wrestling system called juélì or jiǎolì (角力) is mentioned in the Classic of Rites.[13] This combat system included techniques such as strikes, throws, joint manipulation, and pressure point attacks. Jiao Di became a sport during the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE). The Han History Bibliographies record that, by the Former Han (206 BCE – 8 CE), there was a distinction between no-holds-barred weaponless fighting, which it calls shǒubó
(手搏), for which training manuals had already been written, and sportive
wrestling, then known as juélì (角力). Wrestling is also documented in
the Shǐ Jì, Records of the Grand Historian, written by Sima Qian (ca. 100 BCE).[14]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wushu_%28term%29#Terminology